The 6‐Item Cognitive Impairment Test as a bedside screening for dementia in general hospital patients: results of the General Hospital Study (GHoSt)

Heßler, Johannes Baltasar; Schäufele, Martina; Hendlmeier, Ingrid; Junge, Michael; Leonhardt, Sarah; Weber, Joshua; Bickel, Horst

doi:10.1002/gps.4514

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Demographic data were obtained from the patients and a cognitive test battery was administered, including the 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (6CIT; Katzman et al 1983; Brooke & Bullock, 1999; Hessler et al . 2016), which includes items tapping memory, attention and executive functioning; the word-list learning test from the DemTect (Kalbe et al . 2004), affording patients to recall as many as possible of ten words that were read to them twice directly after hearing them and after a short delay; the Serial Sevens Test (calculating five subtractions of 7 from 100), and a verbal fluency test (naming as many animals as possible within 1 min).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and psychological symptoms in general hospital patients with dementia, distress for nursing staff and complications in care: results of the General Hospital Study

Heßler

Schäufele

Hendlmeier

et al. 2017

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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106

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and psychological symptoms in general hospital patients with dementia, distress for nursing staff and complications in care: results of the General Hospital Study

Heßler

Schäufele

Hendlmeier

et al. 2017

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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106

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“…The cognitive status was assessed using a test battery designed for bedside assessment. This battery comprised the screening tool 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (14) as well as established methods of measuring primary and secondary memory, verbal fluency, attention, and executive functions (15). Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria, delirium according to the criteria of the Confusion Assessment Method (16,17).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive status was assessed using a bedside test battery, comprising the screening tool 6-Item Cognitive Impairment Test (14) and established tests to assess primary and secondary memory, verbal fluency, attention and executive functions (15). Global severity of cognitive impairment was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale (18).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Hospitals

Bickel¹,

Hendlmeier²,

Heßler³

et al. 2018

Deutsches Ärzteblatt International

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I n 2016, 8.56 million older patients were treated on an inpatient basis in general hospital departments in Germany. This is equivalent to 44.7% of all inpatients of all age groups. The length of hospital stay of patients aged 65 or older was considerably longer compared with that of younger patients (8.1 days versus 4.9 days); as the result, older patients accounted for 57.1% of all days of inpatient treatment, making them the largest group of inpatients (1). A considerable number of older hospitalized patients with physical illnesses also suffer from dementia and related cognitive impairments. However, the exact number of patients experiencing these health problems is currently not known. Previous studies were almost impossible to compare because the methods they used varied widely and they typically comprised small, non-Working Group Psychiatric Epidemiology,

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“…Baseline demographic data was recorded including age, gender, delirium present on admission, baseline cognitive impairment (CI)determined by thesix-item cognitive impairment test (6-CIT) which assess logical memory (5-items), attention (2 items) and orientation (3 items) [31]. 6-CIT scores range from 0 to 28, withhigher scores indicating greater CI.…”

Section: Variables and Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Delirium Incidence, Time to Onset, and Recurrence in a Mixed Medical-surgical ICU Population: A Secondary Analysis Using Cox and CHIAD Decision Tree Modeling

Moghadam

Miller

Rahimi–Bashar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To address whether in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, which factors correlate with development of delirium (primary outcome), as well as more rapid delirium onset and recurrence (secondary outcomes).Methods: A retrospective secondary analysis of 4,200 patients was collected from two academic medical centers. Delirium was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) in all patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox models, logistic regression analysis, and Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) decision tree modeling were used to explore delirium risk factors.Results: Increased delirium risk as associated with exposed only to artificial light (AL) hazard ratio (HR) 1.84 (95% CI: 1.66-2.044, P<0.001), physical restraint application 1.11 (95% CI: 1.001-1.226, P=0.049), and high nursing care requirements (>8 hours per 8-hour shift) 1.18 (95% CI: 1.048-1.338, P=0.007). Delirium incidence was inversely associated with greater family engagement 0.092 (95% CI: 0.014-0.596, P=0.012), low staff burnout and anticipated turnover scores 0.093 (95% CI: 0.014-0.600, P=0.013), non-ICU length-of-stay (LOS)<15 days 0.725 (95% CI: 0.655-0.804, P<0.001), and ICU LOS ≤15 days 0.509 (95% CI: 0.456-0.567, P<0.001). CHAID modelling indicated that AL exposure and age <65 years conveyed a high risk of delirium incidence, whereas SOFA score ≤11, APACHE IV score >15 and natural light (NL) exposure were associated with moderate risk, and female sex were associated with low risk. More rapid time to delirium onset correlated with baseline sleep disturbance (P=0.049), high nursing care requirements (P=0.019), and prolonged ICU and non-ICU hospital LOS (P<0.001). Delirium recurrence correlated with age>65 years (HR 2.198; %95 CI: 1.101-4.388, P=0.026) and high nursing care requirements (HR 1.978, 95% CI: 1.096-3.569), with CHAID modeling identifying AL exposure (P<0.001) and age >65 years (P=0.032) as predictive variables.Conclusion: Development of ICU delirium correlated with application of physical restraints, high nursing care requirements, prolonged ICU and non-ICU LOS, exposure exclusively to AL (rather than natural), less family engagement, and greater staff burnout and anticipated turnover scores. ICU delirium occurred more rapidly in patients with baseline sleep disturbance, and recurrence correlated with presence of delirium on ICU admission, exclusive AL exposure, and high nursing care requirements.

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The 6‐Item Cognitive Impairment Test as a bedside screening for dementia in general hospital patients: results of the General Hospital Study (GHoSt)

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Behavioural and psychological symptoms in general hospital patients with dementia, distress for nursing staff and complications in care: results of the General Hospital Study

Behavioural and psychological symptoms in general hospital patients with dementia, distress for nursing staff and complications in care: results of the General Hospital Study

The Prevalence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Hospitals

Predictors of Delirium Incidence, Time to Onset, and Recurrence in a Mixed Medical-surgical ICU Population: A Secondary Analysis Using Cox and CHIAD Decision Tree Modeling

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