The 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius: A lesson from the past and the need of a multidisciplinary approach for developments in volcanology

Doronzo, Domenico M.; Vito, M. A. Di; Arienzo, Ilenia; Bini, Mónica; Calusi, Benedetta; Cerminara, Matteo; Corradini, Stefano; Vita, Sandro de; Giaccio, Biagio; Gurioli, Lucia; Mannella, Giorgio; Ricciardi, Giovanni; Rucco, Ilaria; Sparice, Domenico; Todesco, Micol; Trasatti, Elisa; Zanchetta, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104072

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 213 publications

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“…Parallel performances were measured on different machines, up to about 12,000 cores. PD3 was used to reconstruct scenarios for the A.D. 79 Vesuvius Plinian eruption (Italy) [43] and the 2015 Calbuco sub-Plinian eruption (Chile) on the Joliot Curie machine at CEA/TGCC (Irene-Rome and Irene-Skylake partitions). For these historical events, the Eruption Source Parameters (ESPs) and the atmospheric conditions (profiles) driving ASHEE were obtained from the bibliography and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis [44] respectively.…”

Section: Pilot Demonstrators Implementation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (Cheese): Implementation, Results, and Roadmap for the Second Phase

Folch¹

2022

SSRN Journal

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Section: Pilot Demonstrators Implementation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (Cheese): Implementation, Results, and Roadmap for the Second Phase

Folch¹

2022

SSRN Journal

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“…Focusing on the victims of Porta Nola, the stratigraphic data [ 6 , 37 ] suggest that these people were fleeing the city when the rain of lapilli ended. Walking on the layer of pumice would have been quite difficult and some of them employed branches as a walking stick (see cast #54); after the first phase of the eruption these people were overcome by the dilute pyroclastic density currents of the final phase which were caused by the eruptive column collapse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The casts of Pompeii: Post-depositional methodological insights

Alapont,

Gallello,

Martinón-Torres

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The casts of Pompeii bear witness to the people who died during the Vesuvius 79 AD eruption. However, studies on the cause of death of these victims have not been conclusive. A previous important step is the understanding of the post-depositional processes and the impact of the plaster in bones, two issues that have not been previously evaluated. Here we report on the anthropological and the first chemical data obtained from the study of six casts from Porta Nola area and one from Terme Suburbane. A non-invasive chemical analysis by portable X-ray fluorescence was employed for the first time on these casts of Pompeii to determine the elemental composition of the bones and the plaster. Elemental profiles were determined providing important data that cross-referenced with anthropological and stratigraphic results, are clearly helpful in the reconstruction of the perimortem and post-mortem events concerning the history of these individuals. The comparative analyses carried out on the bone casts and other collections from burned bones of the necropolis of Porta Nola in Pompeii and Rome Sepolcreto Ostiense, and buried bones from Valencia (Spain), reveal the extent of high temperature alteration and post-depositional plaster contamination. These factors make bioarchaeological analyses difficult but still allow us to support asphyxia as the likely cause of death.

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“…Somma-Vesuvius (SV) volcano in southern Italy can provide valuable insights into mechanisms that trigger highly explosive eruptions. Despite abundant research on the SV system during the last century (e.g., Doronzo et al, 2022 and Table 1), important questions about the volatile evolution of magmas erupted at SV still remain, including the preeruptive abundances of magmatic volatiles in primitive magmas at SV, the relationship between the pre-eruptive volatile contents and the age and style of past eruptions, and the relative contributions of carbonate assimilation by upwelling magmas versus deep (mantle) sourced CO 2 to the total CO 2 flux at the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining the volatile evolution of mafic melts at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius, Italy, based on the composition of reheated melt inclusions and their olivine hosts

Esposito,

Redi,

Danyushevsky

et al. 2023

Eur. J. Mineral.

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Abstract. Mount Somma–Vesuvius is a stratovolcano that represents a geological hazard to the population of the city of Naples and surrounding towns in southern Italy. Historically, volcanic eruptions at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius (SV) include high-magnitude Plinian eruptions, such as the infamous 79 CE eruption that occurred after 295 years of quiescence and killed thousands of people in Pompeii and surrounding towns and villages. The last eruption at SV was in 1944 and showed a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 3 (0.01 km3 of volcanic material erupted). Following the 1944 eruption, SV has been dormant for the past nearly 79 years, with only minor fumarolic and seismic activity. During its long history, centuries of dormancy at SV have ended with Plinian eruptions (VEI 6) that signal the beginning of a new cycle of eruptive activity. Thus, the current dormancy stage demands a need to better understand the mechanism involved in high-magnitude eruptions in order to better predict future eruption magnitude and style. Despite centuries of research on the SV volcanic system, many questions remain, including the evolution of magmatic volatiles from deep primitive magmas to shallower more evolved magmas. Developing a better understanding of the physical and chemical processes associated with volatile evolution at SV can provide insights into magma dynamics and the mechanisms that trigger highly explosive eruptions at SV. In this study, we present new data for the pre-eruptive volatile contents of magmas associated with four Plinian and two inter-Plinian eruptions at SV based on analyses of reheated melt inclusions (MIs) hosted in olivine. We correct the volatile contents of bubble-bearing MIs by taking into account the volatile contents of bubbles in the MIs. We recognize two groups of MIs: one group hosted in high-Fo olivine (Fo85–90) and relatively rich in volatiles and the other group hosted in low-Fo olivine (Fo70–69) and relatively depleted in volatiles. The correlation between volatile contents and compositions of host olivines suggests that magma fractionation took place under volatile-saturated conditions and that more differentiated magmas reside at shallower levels relative to less evolved/quasi-primitive magmas. Using the CO2 contents of corrected MIs hosted in Fo90 olivine from SV, we estimate that 347 to 686 t d−1 of magmatic CO2 exsolved from SV magmas during the last 3 centuries (38–75 Mt in total) of volcanic activity. Although this study is limited to only few SV magmas, we suggest that further study applying similar methods could shed light on the apparent lack of correlation between the volatile contents of MIs and the style and age of eruptions. Further, such studies could provide additional constraints on the origin of CO2 and the interaction between the carbonate platform and ascending magmas below SV.

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The 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius: A lesson from the past and the need of a multidisciplinary approach for developments in volcanology

Cited by 22 publications

References 213 publications

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (Cheese): Implementation, Results, and Roadmap for the Second Phase

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (Cheese): Implementation, Results, and Roadmap for the Second Phase

The casts of Pompeii: Post-depositional methodological insights

Constraining the volatile evolution of mafic melts at Mt. Somma–Vesuvius, Italy, based on the composition of reheated melt inclusions and their olivine hosts

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