The 9-SRA Scale: A Simplified 9-Items Version of the SRA Scale to Assess Altruism

Manzur, Enrique; Olavarrieta, Sergio

doi:10.3390/su13136999

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…To measure altruism, a parsimonious scale of 9-items was developed by Manzur and Olaverieta (2021), which is a shortened version of the original 20-items scale for self-reported altruism developed by Rushton et al (1981). The anchor points: 1 = Never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Frequently, 5 = Always.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives social entrepreneurial intentions after retirement from a full-time career? Evidence from Oman

Razzak

Riyami

2023

JEEE

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Purpose Drawing on the socioemotional selectivity theory and the volunteerism literature, this study aims to examine the influence of empathy, altruism and opportunity recognition, on social entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) of people who have retired from a full-time career. Furthermore, the study examines whether the above-mentioned relationships are mediated by moral obligation. Design/methodology/approach A set of hypotheses is tested by applying partial least squares structural equation modelling on a survey sample of 227 retirees in Oman, who had participated in an entrepreneurial leadership training after retirement. Using SmartPLS software, the path model is tested through bootstrapping. Findings The findings suggest that altruism and opportunity recognition do not have a direct relationship with SEI, however, they are significant only when mediated through moral obligation. Nevertheless, empathy has a significant direct association with SEI, and an indirect relationship through moral obligation. Practical implications The findings of this study demonstrate that to develop intentions to indulge in social entrepreneurship, among retirees who are approaching their senior years, the focus should be on driving their sense of moral obligation to society. Hence, policymakers and authorities connected to social wellbeing goals can fine-tune their initiatives, such as training, by emphasizing on moral obligation to address social issues through social entrepreneurship. Originality/value The novelty of this study is twofold. Firstly, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it seems to be among the first empirical study that is at the crossroads of the senior entrepreneurship and the social entrepreneurship literature. Secondly, this study fills a gap in the extant literature by deploying the socioemotional selectivity theory to examine the antecedents of SEI of people who have retired from full-time employment in their early to late senior years.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives social entrepreneurial intentions after retirement from a full-time career? Evidence from Oman

Razzak

Riyami

2023

JEEE

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“…We therefore tested whether rating accuracy is associated with specific personality traits. In a new group (n = 131 participants), we performed a Big Five personality test ( 35 ) and altruism assessment test ( 36 ) after participants played the naturalistic game. We cannot exclude the possibility that the game might have biased the survey responses to a certain extent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We conducted a shorter version of the Big Five personality test ( 35 ) and the altruism assessment test ( 36 ) after participants played the naturalistic game. SI Appendix , Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incentivizing free riders improves collective intelligence in social dilemmas

Tchernichovski,

Frey,

Jacoby

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Collective intelligence challenges are often entangled with collective action problems. For example, voting, rating, and social innovation are collective intelligence tasks that require costly individual contributions. As a result, members of a group often free ride on the information contributed by intrinsically motivated people. Are intrinsically motivated agents the best participants in collective decisions? We embedded a collective intelligence task in a large-scale, virtual world public good game and found that participants who joined the information system but were reluctant to contribute to the public good (free riders) provided more accurate evaluations, whereas participants who rated frequently underperformed. Testing the underlying mechanism revealed that a negative rating bias in free riders is associated with higher accuracy. Importantly, incentivizing evaluations amplifies the relative influence of participants who tend to free ride without altering the (higher) quality of their evaluations, thereby improving collective intelligence. These results suggest that many of the currently available information systems, which strongly select for intrinsically motivated participants, underperform and that collective intelligence can benefit from incentivizing free riding members to engage. More generally, enhancing the diversity of contributor motivations can improve collective intelligence in settings that are entangled with collective action problems.

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“…Of course, altruism, like many behaviors, is better identified by observing behavior (e.g., in experiments) than by eliciting it hypothetically. Furthermore, there are validated questionnaires in psychological research that aim to identify more altruistic people, e.g., by using the simplified SRA scale to assess altruism (35). Future research could compare the results of our measure and other ways of identifying altruistic individuals in stated choice contexts as well as other measures associated with pro-social behavior, such as time preferences, we were not able to control for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altruism and the Link to Pro-social Pandemic Behavior

Neumann-Böhme

Sabat

Attema

2022

Front. Health Serv.

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In the Corona pandemic, especially in the phase before vaccines were available, people's risk of infection with COVID-19 was dependent on the adherence to pandemic behaviors (e. g., wearing masks) of others around them. To explore whether altruistic individuals are more likely to engage in pro-social behaviors to protect others during the pandemic, we use data from the European COVID Survey (ECOS). The data was collected in September 2020 and consisted of a representative sample from seven European countries (N = 7,025). Altruism was measured as a deviation from purely self-interested behavior by asking respondents how much they would be willing to donate from an unexpected gain to the equivalent of 1000€. Respondents who were willing to donate more than 0 Euros (68.7%) were treated as altruistic; on average, respondents were willing to donate 11.7% (SD 17.9) of the gain. Controlling for country, sociodemographics, general risk aversion and COVID-specific risk aversion, we find that individuals classified as altruistic were more likely to behave pro-socially. More specifically, we find that altruistic respondents were more likely to wait at home for test results and wear a mask where it is recommended. They would also stay about 1 day longer under quarantine without symptoms after visiting a high-risk country and were less likely to go to a supermarket with COVID symptoms. We find no significant effect for wearing a mask in places where it is mandatory and for inviting more than six people into the house. Furthermore, we find that the subjective risk assessment of COVID-19 also plays a role in these behaviors. Our results support evidence from the literature that suggests that adherence to pro-social pandemic behaviors may be increased if public health officials emphasize the altruistic nature of these behaviors.

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The 9-SRA Scale: A Simplified 9-Items Version of the SRA Scale to Assess Altruism

Cited by 16 publications

References 81 publications

What drives social entrepreneurial intentions after retirement from a full-time career? Evidence from Oman

What drives social entrepreneurial intentions after retirement from a full-time career? Evidence from Oman

Incentivizing free riders improves collective intelligence in social dilemmas

Altruism and the Link to Pro-social Pandemic Behavior

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