The Ability of the PACER to Elicit Peak Exercise Response in the Youth

Scott, Stacy N.; Thompson, Dixie L.; Coe, Dawn P.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318281e4a8

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The assessment combines scores for the quality of skills performed with completion time, based on the expectation that children with higher levels of physical literacy will be better able to select the optimal combination of speed and skill quality [ 19 ]. Measures of health-related fitness included published protocols for muscular endurance (prone plank [ 18 ]), muscular strength (handgrip dynamometry [ 13 ]), flexibility (sit and reach protocol [ 13 ]), cardiorespiratory endurance (PACER shuttle run [ 26 ]) and body composition (standing height, body mass, and waist circumference [ 13 ]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy: methods for children in grades 4 to 6 (8 to 12 years)

et al. 2015

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BackgroundPhysical literacy is described as the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and engage in a physically active lifestyle. As such, it is expected that those who have greater physical literacy would be more likely to obtain the health benefits offered by habitual physical activity. A theoretical model and assessment battery, the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL), for the assessment of childhood physical literacy had been proposed in theory but validity data were lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore validity evidence for the CAPL among children in grades 4 to 6.MethodsCAPL validity was evaluated through three analyses that utilized cross-sectional data obtained through local schools in Eastern Ontario, Canada. A confirmatory factor analysis compared the data to the theoretical model. Patterns of association between self-reported age and gender and the CAPL total and domain scores were examined using regression models. Teacher ratings of participants’ knowledge, attitude and physical activity competence were compared to assessment results.ResultsThe CAPL was completed by 963 children (55 % female) in grades 4, 5 and 6. Children were 8 to 12 years of age (mean 10.1 years), with 85 % of children approached agreeing to participate. A confirmatory factor analysis using data from 489 children with complete raw scores supported a model with four domains: engagement in physical activity (active and sedentary), physical competence (fitness and motor skill), motivation and confidence, and knowledge and understanding. Raw domain scores followed expected patterns for age and gender, providing evidence for their validity. Interpretive categories, developed from age and gender adjusted normative data, were not associated with age indicating that the CAPL is suitable for use across this age range. Children’s gender was associated with the physical competence, motivation and engagement in physical activity domain scores, indicating that further research is required regarding the gender adjustment of the raw CAPL scores. CAPL domain and total scores were statistically significantly associated with teacher ratings of the child’s motivation, attitudes, fitness, skill and overall physical activity.ConclusionsCAPL offers a comprehensive assessment of engagement in physical activity, physical competence, motivation and confidence, and knowledge and understanding as components of childhood (grades 4 to 6, 8 to 12 years) physical literacy. Monitoring of these measures enhances our understanding of children’s physical literacy, and assists with the identification of areas where additional supports are required.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy: methods for children in grades 4 to 6 (8 to 12 years)

et al. 2015

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“…For children 8–12 years of age, existing measures enable monitoring of motivation and confidence 5 , 6 and many aspects of physical fitness. 7 , 8 , 9 However, the physical competence domain of physical literacy includes not only fitness, but also physical movement competence. Movement skill, health-related physical fitness, and the child's self-perceived motor skill competence combine to influence the child's physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA): Validity, objectivity, and reliability evidence for children 8–12 years of age

Longmuir

Boyer

Lloyd

et al. 2017

Journal of Sport and Health Science

162

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PurposeThe primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the feasibility, objectivity, and reliability evidence for the assessment.MethodsAn expert advisory group recommended a course format for the assessment that would require children to complete a series of dynamic movement skills. Criterion-referenced skill performance and completion time were the recommended forms of evaluation. Children, 8–12 years of age, self-reported their age and gender and then completed the study assessments while attending local schools or day camps. Face validity was previously established through a Delphi expert (n = 19, 21% female) review process. Convergent validity was evaluated by age and gender associations with assessment performance. Inter- and intra-rater (n = 53, 34% female) objectivity and test–retest (n = 60, 47% female) reliability were assessed through repeated test administration.ResultsMedian total score was 21 of 28 points (range 5–28). Median completion time was 17 s. Total scores were feasible for all 995 children who self-reported age and gender. Total score did not differ between inside and outside environments (95% confidence interval (CI) of difference: −0.7 to 0.6; p = 0.91) or with/without footwear (95%CI of difference: −2.5 to 1.9; p = 0.77). Older age (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.15) and male gender (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.02) were associated with a higher total score. Inter-rater objectivity evidence was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.99) for completion time and substantial for skill score (ICC = 0.69) for 104 attempts by 53 children (34% female). Intra-rater objectivity was moderate (ICC = 0.52) for skill score and excellent for completion time (ICC = 0.99). Reliability was excellent for completion time over a short (2–4 days; ICC = 0.84) or long (8–14 days; ICC = 0.82) interval. Skill score reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.46) over a short interval, and substantial (ICC = 0.74) over a long interval.ConclusionThe Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment is a feasible measure of selected fundamental, complex and combined movement skills, which are an important building block for childhood physical literacy. Moderate-to-excellent objectivity was demonstrated for children 8–12 years of age. Test–retest reliability has been established over an interval of at least 1 week. The time and skill scores can be accurately estimated by 1 trained examiner.

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“…Of the studies included in the review, 13 were considered high quality 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 (Tables 1 and 2), and 30 as moderate quality (Tables 3 and 4). 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the total papers analyzed, 13 were considered of high quality and 30 were considered with moderate quality (Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4), according to the adopted criteria 8 . The most commonly investigated test in the literature was the SR-20 m, accounting for 23 papers (Table 1 and 3), 12 , 13 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 34 , 35 , 40 , 43 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 53 which verified their validity and were included in the review, followed by tests of distances between 550 meters and 1 mile with 9 studies, 11 , 15 , 16 , 27 , 28 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 52 timed tests of 6, 9 and 12 minutes also with 9 studies 22 , 24 , 32 , 39 , 42 , 45 , 49 , 51 , 53 and, finally, the bench and proposed new protocols which represented 7 papers (Tables 2 and 4). 21 , 27 , 38 , 41 , 44 , 46 , 48 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validade De Testes De Campo Para Estimativa Da Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória Em Crianças E Adolescentes: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Batista

Romanzini

Castro‐Piñero

et al. 2017

Rev. paul. pediatr.

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Objective: To systematically review the literature to verify the validity of field-tests to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children and adolescents. Data sources: The electronic search was conducted in the databases: Medline (PubMed), SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, in addition to the Latin American databases LILACS and SciELO. The search comprised the period from the inception of each database until February 2015, in English and Portuguese. All stages of the process were performed in accordance with the PRISMA flow diagram. Data synthesis: After confirming the inclusion criteria, eligibility, and quality of the studies, 43 studies were analyzed in full; 38 obtained through the searches in the electronic databases, and 5 through private libraries, and references from other articles. Of the total studies, only 13 were considered high quality according to the adopted criteria. The most commonly investigated test in the literature was the 20-meter shuttle run (SR-20 m), accounting for 23 studies, followed by tests of distances between 550 meters and 1 mile, in 9 studies, timed tests of 6, 9, and 12 minutes, also 9 studies, and finally bench protocols and new test proposals represented in 7 studies. Conclusions: The SR-20-m test seems to be the most appropriate to evaluate the CRF of young people with the equation of Barnett, recommended to estimate VO2 peak. As an alternative for evaluating CRF, the 1-mile test is indicated with the equation proposed by Cureton for estimating VO2 peak.

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The Ability of the PACER to Elicit Peak Exercise Response in the Youth

Abstract: It appears that the PACER elicits similar peak exercise responses compared with a treadmill GXT. The PACER can also be administered for fitness and functional capacity assessments in healthy and clinical populations.

Cited by 33 publications

References 21 publications

The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy: methods for children in grades 4 to 6 (8 to 12 years)

The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy: methods for children in grades 4 to 6 (8 to 12 years)

Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA): Validity, objectivity, and reliability evidence for children 8–12 years of age

Validade De Testes De Campo Para Estimativa Da Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória Em Crianças E Adolescentes: Uma Revisão Sistemática

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