The absence of CD56 on malignant plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid is the hallmark of multiple myeloma involving central nervous system

Chang, Hong; Bartlett, Eric; Patterson, Bruce; Chen, Chris I; Yi, Qijian

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05493.x

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…3,10,17 Several observation are in agreement with a possible role of p53 deletions, 4 high nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein, 34 and del (17p13). 10 An interesting report by Gozzetti et al 16 showed the possible involvement of t (11;14), which seems to be associated with standard risk, but also with high risk in the presence of plasma cell leukemia.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…In a previous clinical study concerning either cases of CNS-MM or other extramedullary sites of localization of MM, immunocytochemical techniques were applied, with the evidence of substantial lack of CD56 expression. 21,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The hypothesis that CD56 down-regulation might favor the migration of MM plasma cells from the bone marrow was put forward.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myelomatous Meningitis Evaluated by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry : Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Marini

Carulli

Lari

et al. 2014

J Clin Exp Hematopathol

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Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in multiple myeloma (MM) is uncommon. Among its possible presentations, leptomeningeal involvement of MM, also termed central nervous system myelomatosis (CNS-MM) is rare and is characterized by the presence of neoplastic plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). So far, 187 cases of CNS-MM have been reported : the great majority of them were diagnosed by cytological assays and flow cytometry was used in only eight cases. We describe a case of CNS-MM in a 62-year-old woman, previously treated with chemotherapy (VTD) and autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for stage IIIB IgG-l MM. After achieving a very good partial response, the patient showed progression of disease, with an extramedullary localization. During administration of second-line therapy, the patient showed severe neurological symptoms. MRI resulted negative. Diagnosis of CNS-MM was made by multiparameter flow cytometry, which showed the presence of CD56 + plasma cells in a CSF sample, in the absence of plasma cell leukemia. In this paper we also present a review of the eight previous cases of CNS-MM diagnosed by flow cytometry. We found that the application of flow cytometry in cases of MM with neurological symptoms allows a rapid diagnosis of CNS-MM and provides useful information about plasma cell phenotype (including CD56 expression). Some cases of CNS-MM are characterized by normal MRI. In addition, some evidences deriving from the review of literature suggest that CSF monitoring by flow cytometry in such cases might be used to evaluate the efficacy of drugs capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. 〔J Clin Exp Hematop 54 (2) : 129-136, 2014〕

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confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelomatous Meningitis Evaluated by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry : Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Marini

Carulli

Lari

et al. 2014

J Clin Exp Hematopathol

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“…Over 70% of patients with MM may have positive CD56 antigen, indicating either aggressive or indolent form of myeloma, but its absence indicates only aggressive myeloma phenotypes [39,40]. Down regulation of CD56 antigen is considered responsible for myeloma cells escaping from bone marrow [41]. In a case series of eight patients with LMM, myeloma cells were negative for CD56 in both bone marrow and CSF in five patients (62.5%) [41].…”

Section: Blood Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Retracted: Overview of recent trends in diagnosis and management of leptomeningeal multiple myeloma

et al. 2014

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Neurological complications related to multiple myeloma (MM) are not uncommon; however, direct involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Significant survival difference has been noted with the introduction of novel therapy in patients with MM, but their effect on the incidence and their use for management of leptomeningeal myeloma (LMM) is uncertain. Analysis of published data demonstrates its recent increased incidence, median time to CNS presentation, and slight improvement in median survival after diagnosis of LMM. Less common MM isotypes have been overrepresented in LMM. CNS relapse occurred mostly in patients with Durie-Salmon stage III MM. Despite treatments, standard or experimental, the survival rates of LMM remain dismal. Monitoring high risk patients closely, even after achieving complete remission, may be useful in early detection of LMM. As we gain better understanding of LMM, we recommend that future research and clinical care focus on earlier diagnosis and development of more efficient CNS-directed therapy to improve survival in this patient population.

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“…2 Approximately 1% of MM patients develop CNS myeloma. 3 Myelomatous meningitis may originate in the plasma cells that spread to the meninges through thin walled microscopic veins in the arachnoid membrane 3,4 or MM may disseminate via circulating lymphocytes that may be progenitors of myeloma cells. 5 Meningeal involvement in MM may arise in the absence of circulating plasma cells 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelomatous Meningitis- a case report and review of literature

K¹,

Bajpai²

2014

IOSRJDMS

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The absence of CD56 on malignant plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid is the hallmark of multiple myeloma involving central nervous system

Cited by 46 publications

References 14 publications

Myelomatous Meningitis Evaluated by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry : Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Myelomatous Meningitis Evaluated by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry : Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Retracted: Overview of recent trends in diagnosis and management of leptomeningeal multiple myeloma

Myelomatous Meningitis- a case report and review of literature

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