The absence of temperature effects on end-diastolic pressure-volume relations in the canine left ventricle determined by two-dimensional echocardiography

Mild hypothermia induces incomplete left ventricular relaxation despite spontaneous bradycardia in pigs

“…While slowing of active LV relaxation during hypothermia is a uniform finding throughout the literature, studies in isolated dog hearts in vitro (Monroe et al 1964, Remensnyder & Austen 1965, Buckberg et al 1977 or using cardiopulmonary bypass in vivo (Braunwald et al 1960, Templeton et al 1974, Haasler et al 1982 either indicated unchanged (Braunwald et al 1960, Monroe et al 1964, Remensnyder & Austen 1965, Haasler et al 1982 or increased (Templeton et al 1974, Buckberg et al 1977 LV stiffness during hypothermia. The discrepancy of these findings may be explained by the high level of surgical cardiac trauma associated with LV instrumentation or isolation, and the subtherapeutic temperatures applied at a considerable range (between 27 °C and 31 °C).…”

Reversal of Iatrogenic Myocardial Edema and Related Abnormalities of Diastolic Properties in the Pig Left Ventricle

“…Testing for subjective planimetry errors was done with a blinded second observer, as previously described. 1,6,18,19 No intraobserver differences were noted. Postmortem LV weight correlated well with 2-DE LV mass.…”

“…2 Foglia, Steed, and Follette 7 demonstrated that hypoosmotic cardioplegia increased LV myocardial water content in a canine model undergoing CPB. Others reported a 16% increase in LV mass with hemodilution 18,19 mass was also observed in dogs after 45 minutes of ischemic arrest on CPB. 6 These observations and additional evidence support the view that increased LV mass in the present study reflects myocardial edema.…”

Ventricular Function in Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

“…On CPB in the research laboratory, 2‐DE revealed 15–30% increases in LVM [1, 2, 40–48]. The magnitude of these changes was surprising but predictable, as described above.…”

“…Calculations improved with image quality as well as better algorithms for LV end‐diastolic volume (EDV), LVM, and geometry in dogs. Multiple observers blinded to the conditions under which 2‐DE was done validated our calculations [1, 2, 40–48]. LVM measurements proved more accurate and reproducible than measurements of LVEDV despite the fact that LVM is defined by the mathematic difference of calculations of the epicardial and endocardial shells.…”