The absolute abundance of the lithium isotopes in natural sources

Svec, Harry J.; Anderson, Arthur R.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(65)90060-8

Cited by 39 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…TBR as a function of Li-6 enrichment degree in the blanket and Inconel 718 (blue), V-15Cr-5Ti (orange) and Eurofer97 (green) structures. Vertical red line identifies Li-6 natural abundancy [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of tritium breeding ratio in ARC reactor

Segantin

Testoni

Hartwig

et al. 2020

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Affordable Robust Compact reactor is a conceptual design for a Tokamak conceived by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers. The design of this tokamak is under development and update. One of the key parameters for fusion reactor power plants is the tritium breeding ratio (TBR), which has to guarantee the tritium self-sufficiency. The tritium inventory circulating in a fusion power plant must be minimized. In the meantime, to enhance plant's economics, the amount of tritium generated and stored should be maximized, since it would be used to startup new reactors. Both of the aforementioned trends meet their best in a TBR as high as possible. In this work, ARC tritium breeding ratio is studied and optimized. Taking advantage of Monte Carlo neutron transport codes, several configurations of ARC's blanket and vacuum vessel have been analyzed in order to find the most effective one for a high TBR. The study takes into account different materials for the structure, such as Inconel718, V-15Cr-5Ti and Eurofer97. Moreover, it scans different width of coolant's channels and evaluates the effect of lithium-6 enrichment in the blanket looking for the best configuration in terms of TBR.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of tritium breeding ratio in ARC reactor

Segantin

Testoni

Hartwig

et al. 2020

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…Estimates of the Li isotopic composition of granitic rocks from various regions span a very wide range. Both Svec and Anderson (1965) and Isakov et al (1969) showed large (percent-level) variability in Li isotopic compositions of minerals from granites and related deposits. As the analyses in these early works were not standardized, absolute values cannot be assessed and magnitudes may be questioned.…”

Section: Crustal Processesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Developments in the Understanding and Application of Lithium Isotopes in the Earth and Planetary Sciences

Tomascak

2004

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry

235

152

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INTRODUCTIONThe signifi cant relative mass difference (c. 16%) between the two stable isotopes of Li (approximately 6 Li 7.5%, 7 Li 92.5%), coupled with broad elemental dispersion in Earth and planetary materials, makes this a system of considerable interest in fi ngerprinting geochemical processes, determining mass balances, and in thermometry. Natural mass fractionation in this system is responsible for c. 6% variation among materials examined to date ( Fig. 1). Although the "modern era" of Li isotope quantifi cation has begun, there are still many questions about the Li isotopic compositions of fundamental materials and the nature of fractionation by important mechanisms that are unanswered (e.g., Hoefs 1997). Figure 1. Summary of lithium isotopic compositions of Earth and planetary materials. Filled bars are solid samples, open bars are liquids. See text for references and details. Tomascak 154The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the current understanding of Li isotopes in geo-and cosmochemical systems and to indicate (1) where Li isotopes have a high probability of adding new understanding of these systems; (2) where some of the more signifi cant defi cits in knowledge exist. The small but burgeoning Li isotope community has not yet compiled the volume of peer-reviewed literature needed to adequately assess even that which has been studied to date. As a result, signifi cant portions of this chapter are based on data reported in abstracts, and as such are more than normally subject to revisions over time. This chapter is anticipated to serve as a starting point for those interested in research incorporating Li isotope geochemistry, or in understanding the state of extant research. BACKGROUND: LITHIUM ISOTOPES IN THE SCIENCES

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“…CAWIA recognized evidence of natural variability of the isotopic composition of Li from mass spectrometry by Cameron [197]. In 1969, CAWIA [4] changed the basis to the "absolute" mass-spectrometric measurement by Svec and Anderson [198] and other mass-spectrometric data, and recommended A r (Li) = 6.941 (3). That value of A r (Li) has remained unchanged, but is now based on other calibrated mass-spectrometric measurements of superior accuracy by Flesch et al [199], Callis et al [200], Michiels and De Bièvre [201], and Qi et al [94,118], yielding with current atomic masses [51], A r (Li) = 6.9391(2), 6.940 15(30), 6.940 69 (24), and 6.940 05(24), respectively.…”

Section: Lithiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)

Laeter¹,

Böhlke²,

Bièvre³

et al. 2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

931

554

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Republication or reproduction of this report or its storage and/or dissemination by electronic means is permitted without the need for formal IUPAC permission on condition that an acknowledgmentAbstract: A consistent set of internationally accepted atomic weights has long been an essential aim of the scientific community because of the relevance of these values to science and technology, as well as to trade and commerce subject to ethical, legal, and international standards. The standard atomic weights of the elements are regularly evaluated, recommended, and published in updated tables by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances (CAWIA) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). These values are invariably associated with carefully evaluated uncertainties. Atomic weights were originally determined by mass ratio measurements coupled with an understanding of chemical stoichiometry, but are now based almost exclusively on knowledge of the isotopic composition (derived from isotope-abundance ratio measurements) and the atomic masses of the isotopes of the elements. Atomic weights and atomic masses are now scaled to a numerical value of exactly 12 for the mass of the carbon isotope of mass number 12. Technological advances in mass spectrometry and nuclear-reaction energies have enabled atomic masses to be determined with a relative uncertainty of better than 1 × 10 -7 . Isotope abundances for an increasing number of elements can be measured to better than 1 × 10 -3 . The excellent precision of such measurements led to the discovery that many elements, in different specimens, display significant variations in their isotope-abundance ratios, caused by a variety of natural and industrial physicochemical processes. While such variations increasingly place a constraint on the uncertainties with which some standard atomic weights can be stated, they provide numerous opportunities for investigating a range of important phenomena in physical, chemical, cosmological, biological, and industrial processes. This review reflects the current and increasing interest of science in the measured differences between source-specific and even sample-specific atomic weights. These relative comparisons can often be made with a smaller uncertainty than is achieved in the best calibrated "absolute" (= SI-traceable) atomic-weight determinations. Accurate determinations of the atomic weights of certain elements also influence the values of fundamental constants such as the Avogadro, Faraday, and universal gas constants. This review is in two parts: the first summarizes the development of the science of atomic-weight determinations during the 20 th century; the second summarizes the changes and variations that have been recognized in the values and uncertainties of atomic weights, on an element-by-element basis, in the latter part of the 20 th century.J. R. de LAETER et al.

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The absolute abundance of the lithium isotopes in natural sources

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Optimization of tritium breeding ratio in ARC reactor

Optimization of tritium breeding ratio in ARC reactor

Developments in the Understanding and Application of Lithium Isotopes in the Earth and Planetary Sciences

Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)

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