The nonrelativistic (nr) impulse approximation (NRIA) expression for Compton-scattering doubly differential cross sections (DDCS) for inelastic photon scattering is recovered from the corresponding relativistic expression (RIA) of Ribberfors [Phys. Rev. B 12, 2067(1975] in the limit of low momentum transfer (q → 0), valid even at relativistic incident photon energies ω 1 > m provided that the average initial momentum of the ejected electron p i is not too high, that is, p i < m. This corresponds to a binding energy E b < 10 keV. This q → 0 nr limit is simultaneous with the approach of the scattering angle θ to 0 • (θ → 0 • ) around the Compton peak maximum. This explains the observation that it is possible to obtain an accurate Compton peak (CP) even when ω 1 > m using nr expressions when θ is small. For example, a 1% accuracy can be obtained when ω 1 = 1 MeV if θ < 20 • . However as ω 1 increases into the MeV range, the maximum θ at which an accurate Compton peak can be obtained from nr expressions approaches closer to zero, because the θ at which the relativistic shift of CP to higher energy is greatest, which starts at 180 • when ω 1 < 300 keV, begins to decrease, approaching zero even though the θ at which the relativistic increase in the CP magnitude remains greatest around θ = 180 • . The relativistic contribution to the prediction of Compton doubly differential cross sections (DDCS) is characterized in simple terms using Ribberfors further approximation to his full RIA expression. This factorable form is given by DDCS = KJ , where K is the kinematic factor and J the Compton profile. This form makes it possible to account for the relativistic shift of CP to higher energy and the increase in the CP magnitude as being due to the dependence of J (p min , ρ rel ) (where p min is the relativistic version of the z component of the momentum of the initial electron and ρ rel is the relativistic charge density) and K(p min ) on p min . This characterization approach was used as a guide for making the nr QED S-matrix expression for the Compton peak kinematically relativistic. Such modified nr expressions can be more readily applied to large systems than the fully relativistic version.
L. A. LAJOHNPHYSICAL REVIEW A 81, 043404 (2010) taking the nr limit of the second-order perturbation relativistic QED S-matrix element to obtain expressions for DDCS and triply differential cross sections (TDCS), free of spurious singularities but having a separable A 2 and p · A form (not separable in the fully relativistic S-matrix expression). He then introduced relativistic kinematics, resulting in expressions that can be used to obtain reasonably accurate K-shell DDCS at all θ if ω 1 < 300 keV. At higher energies this expression only works at smaller scattering angles. This was illustrated by their example calculation in which ω 1 = 661 keV and θ 60 • .In NRIA theory, DDCS are proportional to the Compton profile, given bywhere p is the initial electron momentum. ρ nr (p) is the Fourier transform of the nr charge density ρ nr (r)...