The Absorption and Translocation of C[superscript fourteen]-Labeled Simazin by Corn, Cotton, and Cucumber

Davis, Donald E.; join(, H. H. Funderburk; Sansing, Norman Glenn

doi:10.2307/4040338

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Bermudagrass and zoysiagrass produced these metabolites in roots and a third metabolite was identified at R f 0.3 that was not recovered in seashore paspalum (Fig. The metabolite at R f 0.1 was identified as hydroxysimazine, a herbicidally inactive metabolite of simazine (Davis et al, 1959). The metabolite at R f 0.1 was identified as hydroxysimazine, a herbicidally inactive metabolite of simazine (Davis et al, 1959).…”

Section: Roots Shoots Total Roots Shoots Totalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiological Basis for Triazine Herbicide Tolerance in Bermudagrass, Seashore Paspalum, and Zoysiagrass

2015

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Atrazine and simazine control weeds in warm‐season turfgrasses, but excessive injury limits applications to sensitive species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological basis for differential tolerances of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) to atrazine and simazine. In greenhouse experiments, hierarchical shoot mass reductions from the nontreated by species were: seashore paspalum > bermudagrass > zoysiagrass for atrazine and seashore paspalum > bermudagrass = zoysiagrass for simazine. Atrazine and simazine treatments to soil only or foliar plus soil reduced shoot mass similarly, averaging 45% from nontreated, while foliar‐only treatments reduced shoot mass 22% from the nontreated. Species rank for root absorption of both herbicides after 48 h from high to low was seashore paspalum > bermudagrass > zoysiagrass. All species had acropetal translocation of 14C‐atrazine and 14C‐simazine, but bermudagrass and zoysiagrass translocated ∼10% more 14C than seashore paspalum after 48 h. Hierarchical species rank for nonmetabolized 14C‐atrazine translocation to shoots after 8 h from high to low was seashore paspalum > bermudagrass > zoysiagrass. All species metabolized 14C‐atrazine to hydroxyatrazine and two unidentified metabolites in root and shoots. All species metabolized simazine to hydroxysimazine and two other metabolites in shoots. Seashore paspalum had less total metabolism of 14C‐simazine than bermudagrass and zoysiagrass and produced fewer metabolites in roots. Results suggest bermudagrass and seashore paspalum susceptibility to atrazine is associated with greater absorption and translocation of the parent herbicide to shoots than zoysiagrass. Seashore paspalum susceptibility to injury from simazine is associated with differences in absorption and metabolism from tolerant turfgrasses bermudagrass and zoysiagrass.

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Section: Roots Shoots Total Roots Shoots Totalmentioning

confidence: 98%

Physiological Basis for Triazine Herbicide Tolerance in Bermudagrass, Seashore Paspalum, and Zoysiagrass

2015

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“…As a class, the triazines were evenly distributed by way of the xylem into all aerial parts of plants following root uptake. Specific plant species that have been shown to readily transport triazines acropetally from roots to leaves include corn, cotton, and cucumber [10]; Norway spruce [11]; black walnut and yellow poplar [12]; poplar clones [13]; radish seedlings [14]; and barley [15][16][17]. Very little work on simazine uptake has been reported in the context of phytoremediation, with the exception of Burauel and Fuhr [18], who reported enhanced mineralization of simazine in soil following uptake by maize and breakdown of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity, Uptake, and Distribution of [14c] Simazine in Canna Hybrida ‘Yellow King Humbert’

Whitwell¹,

Klaine²

1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-Phytoremediation depends on the ability of plants to tolerate and assimilate contaminants. We have been interested in the use of common ornamental plants to ameliorate the impacts of pesticide waste on golf courses and ornamental plant nurseries. This research characterized the interaction between an ornamental, Canna hybrida 'Yellow King Humbert,' and the herbicide simazine. Simazine tolerance levels for C. hybrida were determined by exposing plants for 7 d to 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg-simazine/L aqueous nutrient media. Response endpoints included fresh mass production after 7 d of exposure and 7 d postexposure and quantum efficiency using dark-adapted and light-adapted plants. Simazine uptake and distribution within the plant was determined by exposing plants to 2.02 Ci [ 14 C]simazine in nutrient media (0.242 mg/L) for 1, 3, 5, or 7 d. Plant tissues were combusted and analyzed by liquid scintillation counting. Fresh mass production was reduced 66 and 78% for plants exposed to 1.0 and 3.0 mg/L, respectively. Photosynthetic efficiency measured in dark-adapted plants was reduced 34 and 60% at the same respective concentrations, whereas photosynthetic efficiency measured in light-adapted plants was reduced 76 and 92%, respectively. Simazine activity in solution was reduced 80% over 7 d. By day 7, simazine (and/or an impurity) was distributed throughout the plant, but predominantly occurred in the leaves. Uptake of simazine was correlated with water uptake throughout the 7 d. These results suggest that C. hybrida may be a good candidate for incorporation into a phytoremediation scheme for simazine.

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“…These samples likely contained 14 C‐simazine residue on the shoots' surface from 14 C‐simazine application that was not washed off during the initial irrigation (1.0 cm). Davis et al (1959) reported that almost no simazine absorption occurred through intact leaves of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn ( Zea mays L.), and cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.); however, simazine did enter when the cuticle was broken. The actively growing bermudagrass was mowed 3 h before 14 C‐simazine application, which may have allowed 14 C‐simazine to enter the shoots.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downward Mobility of ¹⁴C‐Labeled Simazine in a Bermudagrass System vs. a Fallow Soil System

et al. 2009

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Pesticides applied to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) can be captured by the canopy, absorbed by the roots, or bound in the thatch layer, which reduces the amount available to leach compared with a fallow soil system where pesticides may be applied directly to soil. 14C‐Simazine was applied to dormant bermudagrass and fallow soil in lysimeters in a cold growth chamber (5°C) (cold‐fallow soil) and to actively growing bermudagrass and fallow soil in lysimeters in a greenhouse (25°C) (warm‐fallow soil) in April. Following clipping collection, lysimeters were irrigated with 5 cm of water every 3–4 d, and leachate was collected. After 25 d, lysimeters were divided into 2‐cm increments from 0 to 10 cm, then 5‐cm increments from 10 to 30 cm. Because of evapotranspiration, actively growing bermudagrass and warm‐fallow soil yielded significantly less leachate than dormant bermudagrass and cold‐fallow soil indicating less moisture is available for downward movement during summer. After the addition of 31 cm of irrigation, the greatest quantities of 14C‐simazine were in the 0‐ to 2‐cm increment for all treatments and decreased with depth. Although the greatest quantities of 14C‐simazine in leachate occurred in dormant bermudagrass, the reached factor was greatest for cold‐fallow soil (0.20), followed by dormant bermudagrass (0.17), warm‐fallow soil (0.16), and actively growing bermudagrass (0.14). Therefore, simazine is least mobile in bermudagrass during summer and most mobile in fallow soil in winter.

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The Absorption and Translocation of C[superscript fourteen]-Labeled Simazin by Corn, Cotton, and Cucumber

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological Basis for Triazine Herbicide Tolerance in Bermudagrass, Seashore Paspalum, and Zoysiagrass

Physiological Basis for Triazine Herbicide Tolerance in Bermudagrass, Seashore Paspalum, and Zoysiagrass

Phytotoxicity, Uptake, and Distribution of [14c] Simazine in Canna Hybrida ‘Yellow King Humbert’

Downward Mobility of ¹⁴C‐Labeled Simazine in a Bermudagrass System vs. a Fallow Soil System

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The Absorption and Translocation of C[superscript fourteen]-Labeled Simazin by Corn, Cotton, and Cucumber

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological Basis for Triazine Herbicide Tolerance in Bermudagrass, Seashore Paspalum, and Zoysiagrass

Physiological Basis for Triazine Herbicide Tolerance in Bermudagrass, Seashore Paspalum, and Zoysiagrass

Phytotoxicity, Uptake, and Distribution of [14c] Simazine in Canna Hybrida ‘Yellow King Humbert’

Downward Mobility of 14C‐Labeled Simazine in a Bermudagrass System vs. a Fallow Soil System

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Downward Mobility of ¹⁴C‐Labeled Simazine in a Bermudagrass System vs. a Fallow Soil System