The Absorption of Labelled Erythrocytes From the Subarachnoid Space in Rabbits

Simmonds, W. J.

doi:10.1038/icb.1953.10

Cited by 51 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The finding by Simmonds (1952Simmonds ( , 1953) of a transfer of red cells from subarachnoid to vascular compartments supports the concept of arachnoid filtration originally offered by Key and Retzius (1876) and parallels the demonstrations of transdural flow by Hill (1896), and the flow through arachnoid vilfi by Welch and Friedman (1960), Welch and Pollay (1961), and Pollay and Welch (1962). It is substantiated by the physiological studies of Davson et a.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Arachnoid clearance of red blood cells

McQueen

Northrup

Leibrock

1974

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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SYNOPSIS Labelled red blood cells were instilled intraventricularly in groups of dogs and monkeys for evaluation of transfer to the vascular compartment. Blood levels were minimal (500 of the original material) with low-pressure infusions. A large movement (above 25%) of the type originally described by Simmonds occurred with high-pressure intraventricular infusions, cisternal injections, or after the induction of intracranial hypertension. Large amounts of the label were released after cell lysis and accumulated in various tissues. Five to ten per cent of the instilled material was absorbed by the nasal lymphatic route in the dog and a significant local loss of red cells occurred after posterior cisternal punctures. Simulated whole blood was useful in demonstrating arachnoid retention. Ventriculospinal washouts aided in the elimination of tagged cells only in the first 24 hours. Thereafter, the yield was small and the fluid requirement was unusually high.Unusually large variations in the movement of red cells from the subarachnoid space to the blood stream have been reported. The initial work of Simmonds indicated the transfer of approximately 15% of cisternal blood deposits (Simmonds, 1952(Simmonds, ,1953. Other later studies disclosed a range extending from 2-66% (Adams and Prawirohardjo, 1959;Dupont et al., 1961;Bradford and Johnson, 1962). In this work, we have re-evaluated the removal of subarachnoid blood by (1) testing the influences of hydrostatic force and of lavage, (2) measuring the uptake of radioactive label in various tissues, and (3)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The initial work of Simmonds indicated the transfer of approximately 15% of cisternal blood deposits (Simmonds, 1952(Simmonds, ,1953. Other later studies disclosed a range extending from 2-66% (Adams and Prawirohardjo, 1959;Dupont et al, 1961;Bradford and Johnson, 1962).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Arachnoid clearance of red blood cells

McQueen

Northrup

Leibrock

1974

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…Histopathologisch zeigte sich in der Tiefe der weißen Hirnsubstanz zwischen unbehandelten und behandelten Hunden kein nennenswerter Unterschied, auffallende qualitative und quantitative Unterschiede wa- In diesem Zusammenhang sei darauf hingewiesen, daß man heute dem Lymphgefäßapparat beim Flüssigkeitskreislauf der Hirnsubstanz überhaupt keine, bei der Resorption des Liquor cerebrospinalis höch stens eine sehr untergeordnete Rolle zumißt (1,8,17 Die periphere lymphoedemverhütende Wirkung der PantothenatPyridoxin-Behandlung läßt den «Gewebsfaktor» der Oedemgenese früherer Autoren, dem heute kaum eine Bedeutung zugesprochen wird, erneut in den Vordergrund treten. Es muß angenommen werden, daß nicht nur im Gehirn, sondern auch in dem subkutanen Bindegewebe rückgestaute «lymphpflichtige» Substanzen die Grundsubstanz, oder die Bindegewebszellen -oder beide -schädigen und daß diese Verände rungen bei der Entstehung des peripheren Oedems möglicherweise eine wichtigere Rolle spielen als das nicht abtransportierte Eiweiß.…”

Section: Abb 7 Die Aerobe Glykolyse Der Grauen Hirnsubstanz Nimmt Bunclassified

Verhütung der Symptome des «cerebralen Lymphoedems» mit einer Pantothensäure-Pyridoxinbehandlung

Földi¹,

Csanda²,

Csillik³

et al. 1965

J Vasc Res

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“…to blood, for example, in rats 0 5 /sm polystyrene beads had similar efflux characteristics to inulin (Mann, Butler, Johnson & Bass, 1979). In rabbits, labelled erythrocytes injected into the subarachnoid space passed directly into the circulation (Simmonds, 1953), and injection of Indian ink into the subarachnoid space of sheep resulted in particles passing through open channels to the venous side of arachnoid granulations (Jayatilaka, 1965). On the other hand, changes in resistance, similar in magnitude to those found here with ink particles, have been observed in mammals in response to infusions ofwhole blood or plasma (Davson et al 1970;Butler et al 1981;Blasberg et al 1981).…”

Section: Treatment Of Radioactive 8amplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial compliance in an amphibian, Rana pipiens.

Jones¹,

Taylor²

1984

The Journal of Physiology

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Experiments have been carried out to investigate the absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) and the intracranial compliance in an amphibian, Rana pipiens, using infusions into the c.s.f. system through glass micropipettes. Resistance to absorption of the c.s.f. was estimated by the constant rate infusion technique. Mean absorption resistance for infusions of artificial c.s.f. into the lateral ventricles and into the cerebral subarachnoid space were 15.48 and 16.52 mmH2O min microliter‐1 respectively. This difference was not significant and it is concluded that the pores in the posterior tela situated in the roof of the fourth ventricle do not offer any resistance to the flow of c.s.f. out of the ventricles. The resistance to drainage of the c.s.f. in this amphibian is higher than that found for mammals. Mean resting c.s.f. pressure, estimated from the intercept of the regression line with the pressure axis at zero infusion rate was 18.0 mmH2O. Absorption resistance was measured from the cerebral subarachnoid space before and after injection of 4 microliter Indian ink solution. There was a 3‐fold increase in resistance following ink injection. Two‐way analysis of variance showed the difference to be significant (P less than 0.01) suggesting that the outflow sites can become partially blocked by particulate matter. During a continuous 3 h infusion of artificial c.s.f. containing [14C]dextran or [125I]‐labelled human serum albumin (RISA) into the lateral ventricles, the mean percentage uptakes into the systemic circulation after the first 0.5 h of a 3 h period were 74.1 and 61.9% respectively. The difference is not significant. The rapid and high uptake into blood suggests there is a direct communication between c.s.f. and blood in amphibians. During continuous infusion of RISA into the lateral ventricles, simultaneous blood samples were taken from the femoral artery and the internal dorsal vertebral vein. Radioactivity was found to be 13.2% higher in venous samples. This suggests that at least some c.s.f. drainage takes place directly into the spinal venous system. Intracranial compliance was investigated by recording the peak pressure in response to a series of bolus injections of artificial c.s.f. into one lateral ventricle. Compliance was estimated to be 0.11, 0.10 and 0.09 microliter mmH2O‐1 for injection rates of 12.74, 16.62 and 25.10 microliters min‐1 respectively. The difference between these values is not significant. The results suggest that for injection volumes over 5 microliters the c.s.f. system behaves elastically.

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The Absorption of Labelled Erythrocytes From the Subarachnoid Space in Rabbits

Cited by 51 publications

References 1 publication

Arachnoid clearance of red blood cells

Arachnoid clearance of red blood cells

Verhütung der Symptome des «cerebralen Lymphoedems» mit einer Pantothensäure-Pyridoxinbehandlung

Absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial compliance in an amphibian, Rana pipiens.

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