The abundances of gallium and germanium in terrestrial materials

Burton, J. D.; Culkin, F.; Riley, J.P.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(59)90052-3

Cited by 138 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Burton et al [36] investigated the presence of gallium in 280 minerals and determined the crustal abundance to be 17 ppm, while Emsley [34] gives an average concentration of 18 ppm. Andersson [9] notes that gallium is approximately as abundant as copper but seldom forms any enriched mineralisation.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Rare Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing Rare Metal Availability Challenges for Solar Energy Technologies

Grandell

Höök

2015

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solar energy is commonly seen as a future energy source with significant potential. Ruthenium, gallium, indium and several other rare elements are common and vital components of many solar energy technologies, including dye-sensitized solar cells, CIGS cells and various artificial photosynthesis approaches. This study surveys solar energy technologies and their reliance on rare metals such as indium, gallium, and ruthenium. Several of these rare materials do not occur as primary ores, and are found as byproducts associated with primary base metal ores. This will have an impact on future production trends and the availability for various applications. In addition, the geological reserves of many vital metals are scarce and severely limit the potential of certain solar energy technologies. It is the conclusion of this study that certain solar energy concepts are unrealistic in terms of achieving TW scales.

show abstract

Section: Occurrence Of Rare Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such differences will have significant repercussions for production feasibility. Gallium only seems to be concentrated in certain oxide minerals, primarily bauxite but also corundum and magnetite [36]. Bauxite ores contain from 0.003% to 0.008% gallium [37].…”

Section: Occurrence Of Rare Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Rare Metal Availability Challenges for Solar Energy Technologies

Grandell

Höök

2015

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Meager data (Burton, Culkin, and Riley, 1959) suggest that sandstones contain 1-2 ppm Ge and 1-15 ppm Ga. The gallium content is higher in the more aluminous sandstones, such as the graywackes.…”

Section: Trace Elements In Sandstonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of sandstones, excluding carbonate and volcanic sands

Pettijohn¹

1963

Professional Paper

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Ga concentration was in the range reported for Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans Pelagic clays containing 22.4 mg kg -1 on average [32]. Besides, Ga concentration was well correlated to Fe and Zn, r 2 = 0.8 and it could be associated to the first one in Fe-Mn nodules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Chemical and sequential analysis of some metals in sediments from the North Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

Martı́nez

Tejeda

Estañol

et al. 2016

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sediments collected from the North Coast of the Gulf of Mexico got carefully mixed, dried, and finally subjected to physical and chemical analysis. Metal concentration was determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Sequential chemical analysis was performed by modified TESSIER technique. Results and statistical analysis (a = 0.05) show concentrations of most elements (excepting Mn, Ca, Ga, As and Pb) in the range of those of the earth crust's values, which set a sampling zone base line. Sequential extraction shows the potential risk of mobilization of metals sequestered in particulate phases by oxidation of anoxic sediments or intense organic matter degradation.

show abstract

The abundances of gallium and germanium in terrestrial materials

Cited by 138 publications

References 23 publications

Assessing Rare Metal Availability Challenges for Solar Energy Technologies

Assessing Rare Metal Availability Challenges for Solar Energy Technologies

Chemical composition of sandstones, excluding carbonate and volcanic sands

Chemical and sequential analysis of some metals in sediments from the North Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About