The Abuse of Central Nervous System Stimulants and its Impact on the Youth of Eastern Nigeria

Abstract

The class of drugs designated as central nervous system (CNS) stimulants includes the four social drugs that find use among some youth of Eastern Nigeria; caffeine, nicotine, cocaine and marijuana. CNS stimulants increase or enhance the activity of monoamines (such as dopamine and nor epinephrine) in the brain, which leads to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. They also have a high potential for addiction. Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. It is considered a brain disease because these drugs change the brain structure and function. The aim of this review is to answer the following questions: What are the common types of CNS stimulants abused in Eastern Nigeria? What prompts people to start taking these drugs? Why do people become addicted to these drugs? How does CNS stimulant abuse gain foothold in Eastern Nigeria? What are the implications of this drug taking for the users and the development of youth? How does the abuse of these stimulants affect the Eastern Nigerian society? How can the use of CNS stimulants among youth of eastern Nigeria be prevented or discouraged? Is there any treatment available for the youth addicted to CNS stimulants in Eastern Nigeria?

Tryptophan and Substance Abuse: Mechanisms and Impact

“…This addictive substance can significantly change perception due to its psychoactive characteristics. Depending on the mode of administration, marijuana can produce various neuropsychological disorders such as hallucinations, abnormal happiness, and difficulty concentrating [8]. Heroin, another commonly used addictive substance produced from morphine [9,10], is highly abused among people from various social cultures.…”