“…Evidence reveal that African HEIs are under immense pressures from all sides showing the necessity for strategic change (Cloete et al, 2015). It also indicates that HEIs are affected by daunting challenges like dwindling financial support by government due to budgetary concerns, affordability of tuition, while the stakeholders demand more efficient, innovative, and productive in terms of learning and retention of students (Irene & Hussain, 2021). In spite of Government and policy makers view of technology as a vehicle to transform higher education at the outset of the technology boom (Robinson, 2016), findings show that lack of adequate technological infrastructure has not enabled the transformation in African HEIs.…”