The Accuracy and Precision of Gait Spatio-Temporal Parameters Extracted from an Instrumented Sock during Treadmill and Overground Walking in Healthy Subjects and Patients with a Foot Impairment Secondary to Psoriatic Arthritis

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to assess the accuracy and precision of a system combining an IMU-instrumented sock and a validated algorithm for the estimation of the spatio-temporal parameters of gait. A total of 25 healthy participants (HP) and 21 patients with foot impairments secondary to psoriatic arthritis (PsA) performed treadmill walking at three different speeds and overground walking at a comfortable speed. HP performed the assessment over two sessions. The proposed system’s estimations of cadence (CAD), gait cycle duration (GCD), gait speed (GS), and stride length (SL) obtained for treadmill walking were validated versus those estimated with a motion capture system. The system was also compared with a well-established multi-IMU-based system for treadmill and overground walking. The results showed a good agreement between the motion capture system and the IMU-instrumented sock in estimating the spatio-temporal parameters during the treadmill walking at normal and fast speeds for both HP and PsA participants. The accuracy of GS and SL obtained from the IMU-instrumented sock was better compared to the established multi-IMU-based system in both groups. The precision (inter-session reliability) of the gait parameter estimations obtained from the IMU-instrumented sock was good to excellent for overground walking and treadmill walking at fast speeds, but moderate-to-good for slow and normal treadmill walking. The proposed IMU-instrumented sock offers a novel form factor addressing the wearability issues of IMUs and could potentially be used to measure spatio-temporal parameters under clinical conditions and free-living conditions.

Spatiotemporal parameters and gait variability in people with psoriatic arthritis (PsA): a cross‐sectional study

“…These systems are easy to use, time- and cost-effective, do not require special equipment or expertise, and could be used in different settings. In addition, recent evidence suggests that they could accurately and reliably measure STPs in people with axial spondyloarthritis and PsA [ 23 , 24 ]. This study suggests that body-worn IMUs could be useful to obtain an objective measure of functional mobility in people with PsA.…”

“…Importantly, STPs and gait variability can now easily be measured with emerging lightweight, low-cost, and easy-to-use wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs). These latter have shown acceptable accuracy and precision in measuring STPs in people with PsA and axial spondyloarthritis [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Mathematical Analysis and Motion Capture System Utilization Method for Standardization Evaluation of Tracking Objectivity of 6-DOF Arm Structure for Rehabilitation Training Exercise Therapy Robot

“…However, since all of them used the same motion capture, it is possible to present an average value of accuracy for the function of motion capture. The average value for accuracy is recorded in Table 4 , and it can be seen that the accuracy of this study improved by more than 10% compared to [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

“…Motion capture (OptiTrack) is very important for the accuracy of the sensor’s response when an object moves. Therefore, we can present the excellence of the accuracy of the proposed method by analyzing [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The method of this study and the methods of studies from [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] have different objects of observation and different quantities of sensors.…”

“…Therefore, we can present the excellence of the accuracy of the proposed method by analyzing [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. The method of this study and the methods of studies from [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] have different objects of observation and different quantities of sensors. However, since all of them used the same motion capture, it is possible to present an average value of accuracy for the function of motion capture.…”