The acids of pine oleoresin and rosin

Abstract

ABOUT 90 per cent, of rosin consists of acids (la, 5a). A better knowledge of the properties of these acids holds the key to a better understanding of rosin itself. It is the acid and consequent salt-(soap)-forming properties that make possible its use in soap and paper size, two major industrial outlets for rosin. The ester-forming properties extend materially its usefulness in varnish, another important industrial outlet.Rosin has often been hailed the world's cheapest and most abundant source of organic acids. To obtain these acids in a reasonable state of isomeric purity, however, is another matter.Contrary to prevailing belief, rosin is not primarily abietic acid, nor does abietic acid, strictly speaking, constitute the bulk of the acids present (20). The original oleoresin or "gum" apparently contains no abietic acid. * Schkateloff (66), and Steele (69)] by heat treatment, as * Methods discussed by Dupont and Uzac (23).

Sarcosenones A–C, highly oxygenated pimarane diterpenoids from an endolichenic fungus Sarcosomataceae sp.

“…1 This class of diterpenes can be derived from the original core by substitution, hydroxylation, acetylation, rearrangement, bromination, and ring expansion reactions. 2 Since the isolation of pimaric acid, the rst example of this class, in 1839, 3 pimarane diterpenoids have attracted considerable interest due to their remarkable structural diversity and great antimalarial, 4 antibacterial, 5 antifungal, 6 antiviral, 7,8 phytotoxic, 6 cytotoxic, [9][10][11][12] AChE-inhibitory, 13 and anti-inammatory activities. 14 Sarcosomataceous fungi (Ascomycota), usually known as degraders of wood or as pathogens, 15 have been reported to produce spirobisnaphthalenes, 16,17 lactones, 15,[18][19][20][21] naphthalones, 21 cyclohexenones, 22 and isocoumarins.…”

Bioactive Pimarane Diterpenes from the Arctic Fungus Eutypella sp. D‐1

“…[4] The first and representative example of the diterpenes belonging to this family is pimaric acid, which was first reported by Laurent et al following its isolation from the plant Pimus sylvestris and Pinus abies in 1839. [5] Only 80 natural derivatives from marine sources (including marine life, mangrove plant, and polar microorganism) belonging to this structural class have been isolated to date. [6] Among these 80 natural products, only seven compounds obtained from the polar regions.…”

Bioactive Pimarane‐Type Diterpenes from Marine Organisms

“…The first member of pimarane diterpenes family, pimaric acid, was isolated from Pinus sylvestris and Pinus abies by Laurent in 1839. [3] After that, pimarane diterpenes were found to be widely distributed in the natural. Since the first and most prominent member of this family, pargerol, was obtained from the sea hare Aplysia dactylomela by Schmitz et al in 1982, [4] 80 pimarane derivatives have been isolated from marine sources to date.…”