The acquisition of passive immunity in the new-born piglet

Rooke, J. A.; Bland, I.M.

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00182-3

Cited by 268 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This relationship between IgG absorbed and IgG ingested is consistent with the findings by Werhahn et al (1981) that the amount of IgG absorbed through the intestines is dose-dependent with the amount of IgG ingested with the colostrum, but ingestion must occur before gut closure. Furthermore, the negative correlation between colostrum intake and the absorption ratio of IgG is in accordance with a mechanism of gut closure induced by the amounts of nutrient ingested (Rooke and Bland, 2002). The ratio was also positively related to plasma cortisol concentration, which is consistent with the stimulatory action of cortisol on IgG uptake (Bate and Hacker, 1985;Sangild et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Thus, most of the piglets probably ingested sufficient amounts of IgG before gut closure. As a consequence, the relationship between colostrum intake and plasma IgG concentration is not very close; after a certain amount of colostrum ingested, about 200 g, plasma IgG concentration does not increase anymore (Figure 3a), as already suggested by Rooke and Bland (2002). Therefore, this quantity of colostrum ingested seems adequate to reach the plateau of IgG absorption through the intestinal barrier described by Jensen et al (2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The half-life of IgG in piglet blood was estimated to average 10 to 15 days of age (Curtis and Bourne, 1973;Frenyó et al, 1981;Klobasa et al, 1981). However, those studies did not take into account the variation in blood volume occurring with piglet growth and probably underestimated the IgG half-life value (Rooke and Bland, 2002). Therefore, a significant proportion of the IgG present in plasma at weaning may still come from the colostrum as reported by Rooke et al (2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, 50% of pre-weaning mortality occurs within 3 days after birth (Tuchscherer et al, 2000) and mainly affects piglets characterized by low birth weight and low weight gain, which can be related to low colostrum intake (de Passillé and Rushen, 1989;Milligan et al, 2002). Colostrum intake plays a major role in piglet development by providing energy for thermoregulation (Le Dividich et al, 2005), enabling immune transfer from the sow (Rooke and Bland, 2002) and stimulating intestinal development (Xu et al, 2000). The amount of colostrum ingested is highly variable between piglets and depends on both the sow's ability to produce enough colostrum for the whole litter and the piglet's ability to extract colostrum from the teats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity

Devillers

Dividich

Prunier

2011

Animal

228

154

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Colostrum intake from birth to 24 h after the onset of parturition ( T 24 ) was estimated for 526 piglets from 40 litters. Plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactate, glucose and cortisol were determined at T 24 for six piglets per litter. Plasma IgG concentration was also assayed at weaning (28 days) on the same piglets. Rectal temperature was measured at T 24 on all piglets. Mortality was recorded until weaning and comparisons were made between piglets that died before weaning and those that were still alive at weaning. The piglets that died before weaning had lower birth weight, lower colostrum intake, lower weight gain between birth and T 24 , and had a lower rectal temperature, higher plasma cortisol concentration and lower plasma IgG and glucose concentrations at T 24 than piglets still alive at weaning. In addition, a higher proportion of piglets that died before weaning had difficulty taking their first breath after birth and were affected by splayleg. Considering all piglets, colostrum intake was positively related to rectal temperature and plasma glucose concentration and negatively related to plasma cortisol concentration at T 24 . Plasma IgG concentration at T 24 was explained by colostrum intake, IgG concentration in the ingested colostrum, birth weight and birth rank (P , 0.0001). Plasma IgG concentration at weaning was related to plasma IgG concentration at T 24 (r 5 0.54; P , 0.0001) and to colostrum intake (r 5 0.32; P , 0.0001). Finally, body weight was explained by colostrum intake, birth weight and age until 6 weeks of age (P , 0.0001). These results show that colostrum intake is the main determinant of piglet survival through provision of energy and immune protection and has potential long-term effects on piglet growth and immunity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity

Devillers

Dividich

Prunier

2011

Animal

228

154

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“…During the first day of life, the neonate's small intestine has the ability to absorb macromolecules, such as intact immunoglobulins (IgGs), across the brush border membrane. The capacity for macromolecule absorption diminishes as early as 24 h (Rooke and Bland, 2002) and is usually complete by 48 h post partum, a phenomenon generally referred to as gut closure (Gaskins and Kelley, 1995). Though having an early time window for gut closure limits the time for IgG absorption, it also reduces the chances of pathogens entering the gut and subsequent disease risks.…”

Section: Parturition Early Lactation and Nest-occupationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative farrowing systems: design criteria for farrowing systems based on the biological needs of sows and piglets

Baxter

Lawrence

Edwards

2011

Animal

114

112

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The construction of a suitable farrowing environment is a continuing dilemma: the piglet's needs must be matched with those of the sow and the farmer during the main phases that constitute farrowing: nest building, parturition and lactation. Difficulties exist in resolving the various conflicts of interest between and within these three parties (e.g. sow v. farmer: space needed for nest building v. space needed to maximise the amount of farrowing accommodation, or sow v. sow: ensuring the survival of the current litter v. maintaining condition for future litters). Thus, the challenge is to resolve these conflicts and design a system that maximises sow and piglet welfare while maintaining an economically efficient and sustainable enterprise. In order to successfully design a farrowing and lactation environment, it is necessary to consider the biological needs of both the sow and her litter. The natural behaviour of the sow has been well documented and very little variation exists between reports of peri-parturient behaviour observed in extensively kept domestic sows and their wild counterparts. The failure for domestication to significantly alter these behavioural patterns provides evidence that they are biologically significant and that the commercial farrowing environment should attempt to accommodate this behavioural repertoire. In addition, the behavioural needs of the piglets, as well as the physiological needs of both sows and their offspring should be considered. This article aims to review the considerable body of literature detailing the behavioural repertoire of sows and their offspring during the different phases of farrowing, and the accompanying physiological processes. The focus is on identifying biological needs of the animals involved in order to synthesise the appropriate design criteria for farrowing and lactation systems, which should optimise both welfare and animal production.

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