The Acquisition of Sentence Voice and Reversibility

The Role of Modeling and Automatic Reinforcement in the Construction of the Passive Voice

“…In addition, there were no reported occurrences of the passive construction in over 12,000 spontaneous speech utterances collected from 5-year-old participants (Harwood, 1959). Turner and Rommetveit (1967) also found that no more than 25% of a series of passive sentences were correctly understood by a sample of nursery school children, while no more than 20% of the sample of sentences could be emitted correctly. The failure in production of the passive was further confirmed by the children's inability to repeat the passive construction even after the experimenter presented a picture and modeled the passive.…”

Echolalic and Spontaneous Phrase Speech in Autistic Children

“…Studies of the relationship between echolalic and spontaneous utterances in normal children, both in experimental and naturalistic settings, have produced conflicting results. Some claim that imitation is in advance of spontaneous production (Fraser et al, 1963;Nurss and Day, 1971;Turner and Rommetveit, 1967). Others suggest that imitation is restricted to structures which have already begun to appear in spontaneous speech (Ervin-Tripp, 1964;Rodd and Braine, 1970;Bloom et al, 1975), whilst other work indicates that children tend to imitate more frequently in responses to utterances which are 'just a little beyond them' (Bloom et al, 1974;Shipley et al, 1969).…”

Learning From Verbal Discourse in Educational Media: A Review of the Literature

“…Schlesinger (1966b) felt that his evidence was equivocal', in view of the difficulty of controllir~extraneous factors such as sentence length. Slobin (1963Slobin ( , 1966 and Turner and Rommetveit (1967) are among investigators pointing out that much depends upon the inherent semantic ?roperties of the stimuli, e.g., whether the subject and object are transposable ("reversible"). Wearing (1970) four-d no difference in retention of active-and passive sentences.…”