The actin-related proteins

Frankel, Stewart; Mooseker, Mark S.

doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(96)80045-7

Cited by 91 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Another characteristic feature of all well studied members of the actin family is the ability to participate in multiprotein complexes, the assembly of which is reversible and highly regulated (Frankel and Mooseker, 1996). Also in this respect the essential yeast protein Act3p represents a typical actin family member, and we suggest that it fulfills a role in the establishment or maintenance of a specific chromatin structure by stabilizing or destabilizing the protein complex, of which it is an intrinsic part.…”

Section: Conditional Mutations In Act3 Affect Both Transcription Regumentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Actin-related proteins (Arps), a group of protein families that exhibit moderate sequence similarity among each other and to conventional actin (i.e., muscle actin), have been found in a variety of eukaryotic organisms (Frankel and Mooseker, 1996;Frankel, 1998). According to the known three-dimensional structure of rabbit muscle actin and sequence comparisons, Arps and conventional actin compose the actin branch within a superfamily of proteins that possess ATPase activity, and this superfamily includes the 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein and hexokinase (Holmes et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nuclear Actin-related Protein ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Act3p/Arp4, Interacts with Core Histones

Harata

Oma

Mizuno

et al. 1999

MBoC

119

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Act3p/Arp4, an essential actin-related protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae located within the nucleus, is, according to genetic data, involved in transcriptional regulation. In addition to the basal core structure of the actin family members, which is responsible for ATPase activity, Act3p possesses two insertions, insertions I and II, the latter of which is predicted to form a loop-like structure protruding from beyond the surface of the molecule. Because Act3p is a constituent of chromatin but itself does not bind to DNA, we hypothesized that insertion II might be responsible for an Act3p-specific function through its interaction with some other chromatin protein. Far Western blot and two-hybrid analyses revealed the ability of insertion II to bind to each of the core histones, although with somewhat different affinities. Together with our finding of coimmunoprecipitation of Act3p with histone H2A, this suggests the in vivo existence of a protein complex required for correct expression of particular genes. We also show that a conditional act3 mutation affects chromatin structure of an episomal DNA molecule, indicating that the putative Act3p complex may be involved in the establishment, remodeling, or maintenance of chromatin structures.

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Section: Conditional Mutations In Act3 Affect Both Transcription Regumentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nuclear Actin-related Protein ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Act3p/Arp4, Interacts with Core Histones

Harata

Oma

Mizuno

et al. 1999

MBoC

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…p41-Arc is 1 of the 7 subunits of the Arp2/3 complex, which plays a central role in the formation of branched actin networks and thus in cell shape. [25][26][27] Decreased expression of p41-Arc in gastric cancers was suggested to be involved in severely dysplastic morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced expression of the insulin‐induced protein 1 and p41 Arp2/3 complex genes in human gastric cancers

Kaneda

Kaminishi

Nakanishi³

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Aberrantly methylated DNA fragments in a human gastric cancer were searched for by a genome-scanning method, methylation-sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA). Six DNA fragments flanked by CpG islands (CGIs) and hypermethylated in the cancer were isolated. Four of the 6 fragments possessed genes in their vicinities. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the 4 genes showed reduced expression of 2 genes in cancers: Insulin-induced protein 1 (INSIG1/CL-6) and p41 Arp2/3 complex (p41-Arc). As for INSIG1, a DNA fragment was derived from the edge of a CGI in the promoter region. The edge was methylated in 11 of 22 primary gastric cancers, whereas the center was not methylated in any cancer. INSIG1 expression was markedly reduced in 19 cancers, including the 11 cancers with the methylation. By 5-aza-2 -deoxycytidine treatment of 5 cell lines with the methylation of the edge, partial restoration of INSIG1 expression was detected only in 2 of them. These data indicated that, although the reduced INSIG1 expression in cancers was associated with the methylation at the edge of the CGI in the promoter region, the methylation was likely to be a secondary change. As for p41-Arc, a DNA fragment was derived from a CGI overlapping exon 8, and its methylation did not correlate with its expression. However, methylation of a CGI in the promoter region with a marked reduction of its expression was observed in 1 of the 22 primary cancers. INSIG1 and p41-Arc are known to be involved in cellular differentiation and morphology, respectively, and it was suggested that their reduced expressions might be involved in gastric cancer development or progression. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: INSIG1/CL-6; p41-Arc; methylation; carcinogenesis; gastric cancerGastric cancer is one of the major causes of cancer death in many countries. 1 As underlying genetic and epigenetic alterations, mutations of p53 have been reported in 35-56% of human gastric cancers, 2-4 and silencing of p16 by its promoter hypermethylation has been reported in 42.0 -42.2%. 5,6 Mutations of K-RAS and APC genes, however, are observed only at very low frequencies, in the ranges of 0 -3.6% and 0 -1.4%, respectively. 3,7,8 As a factor that influences the accumulation of genetic alterations, microsatellite instability (MSI) is observed at high incidences, ranging from 31-67%. 9,10 MSI is rarely caused by mutations of DNA-mismatch-repair genes such as hMLH1 and hMSH2, 10,11 but hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter region is observed in gastric cancers with MSI. 12,13 Promoter hypermethylations are known to cause silencing of genes in various human cancers. 14,15 In addition, methylation alterations of CpG islands (CGIs) outside promoter regions are associated with altered levels of gene expressions. 16 -18 To search for genes whose expressions are altered in association with methylation alterations, we previously established a genome-scanning method for methylation alterations, methylation-sensitive-representational difference analysis (MS-RDA). 19 By this metho...

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“…Despite of this problem, ARP1 was identified as one of most expressed genes by PHRAP. This protein is the major subunit of dynactin, a multiprotein complex that acts, in vitro, as a cofactor for dynein-mediated movement of vesicles along the microtubules (Frankel & Mooseker 1996). The presence of both alpha tubulin and dynein light chain between the most expressed genes could suggest the great importance of vesicular transport for S. mansoni.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of Schistosoma mansoni mRNA sequences and analysis of the most transcribed genes: implications in metabolism and biology of different developmental stages

Prosdocimi

Faria-Campos

Peixoto

et al. 2002

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Key words: Schistosoma mansoni -bioinformatics -expressed sequences tag -clustering analysis -metabolismSchistosoma mansoni is a dioiceous trematode and one of the etiologic agents of schistosomiasis, the second more significant tropical disease concerning public health. Despite recent efforts undertaken to contain its progress, the disease is still endemic in several countries, with around 200 million people infected by the parasite (http://www.who.int/ctd/schisto/epidemio.htm). The study of S. mansoni is, therefore, very important in human parasitology. Gaining knowledge on the genome of this parasite is essential for a better understanding of its metabolism and biology and will help to elucidate important aspects of the mechanisms of drug resistance and antigenic variation that allow it to escape from the host immune system (Franco et al. 2000).The size of S. mansoni genome is estimated in 270Mb with the number of expressed genes ranging from 15000 to 20000 (Simpson et al. 1982, Franco & Simpson 2001. Although some genomic sequences of S. mansoni have been produced, the Schistosoma Genome Network (SGN) has chosen as first priority the sequencing of cDNA using the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) strategy, from which is possible to obtain fast and relevant information Although resulting in fast and very important information, ESTs available from public databases, such as dbEST, show some degree of redundancy and present a great number of errors, because they are single pass sequences (Miller et al. 1999). To overcome these problems and to increase the length of the sequences, facilitating identification by homology searches, clustering procedures are performed (Oliveira & Johnston 2001). In this kind of procedure, sequences that have some region of similarity are joined into a cluster. Therefore, sequences possessing overlapping regions and representing a single gene are joined into the same cluster, decreasing redundancy. Sequences of each cluster are then aligned to generate a consensus sequence. In this approach, the base (and, if available, the quality value designated by the base caller program) present in each sequence position is considered in the construction of a high quality consensus (Huang & Madan 1999). The clustering procedure can, therefore, have two outcomes: consensus are generated by the alignment of the sequences of a cluster and singlets result from sequences that have not been grouped to any others. Theoretically, each sequence (either a consensus or a singlet) should represent an individual gene, and so, these sequences are called uniques. As is expected that each sequence represents a single gene, the comparison of the number of uniques with the total number of predicted genes make it possible to know, approximately, how many genes have not been discovered yet.

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The actin-related proteins

Cited by 91 publications

References 50 publications

The Nuclear Actin-related Protein ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Act3p/Arp4, Interacts with Core Histones

The Nuclear Actin-related Protein ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae, Act3p/Arp4, Interacts with Core Histones

Reduced expression of the insulin‐induced protein 1 and p41 Arp2/3 complex genes in human gastric cancers

Clustering of Schistosoma mansoni mRNA sequences and analysis of the most transcribed genes: implications in metabolism and biology of different developmental stages

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