The Action of 2-Phenyoxyethanol Upon Polymer Biosynthesis in <u>Escherichia Coli</u> NCTC 5933

Gilbert, Peter; Beveridge, E. G.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1980.tb10819.x

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…These range from actions as potassium: proton antiporters and respiration uncouplers to competitive inhibition of NADH binding by malate dehydrogenase. Additionally, DNA biosynthesis is slowed relative to general anabolism in the cell at sub-MICs (93). Membrane-active phenolic molecules, such as tetrachlorsalicylanilide and fentichlor, also act as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation at concentrations that inhibit cell growth (28,106).…”

Section: Biocide Action Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While their primary action on the cell is mediated through a chemical interaction with thiols (57), specificity is seen towards a number of respiratory enzymes (56), and at sub-MIC levels, they have been shown to induce filamentation both in bacteria and in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (55). While lethal doses affect thiol groups on proteins, sublethal doses more specifically affect DNA (57,93). Phenylethanol is also known to inhibit the initiation of DNA replication and to cause a filamentation similar to that caused by the isothiazolones (267).…”

Section: Biocide Action Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At lower growth-inhibitory concentrations, they may, however, act in much the same way as antibiotics, specifically affecting one or two cellular targets. Thus, phenoxyethanol (and its analogue 2,4-dichlorphenoxyethanol) affect a multitude of intracellular targets, dependent on concentration (90)(91)(92). At sublethal biocide levels, a variety of concentration-dependent inhibitory processes take place.…”

Section: Biocide Action Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

2003

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There has recently been much controversy surrounding the increased use of antibacterial substances in a wide range of consumer products and the possibility that, as with antibiotics, indiscriminate use of biocides might contribute to the overall pattern of susceptibility in the general environment and in the clinic. Such speculation, based on the isolation of resistant mutants from in vitro monoculture experiments, is not reflected by an emergence of biocide-resistant strains in vivo. This review provides a broad coverage of the biocide and resistance literature and evaluates the potential risks, perceived from such laboratory monoculture experiments, against evidence gathered over 50 years of field studies. An explanation for the continued effectiveness of broad-spectrum biocidal agents against the decline in efficacy of therapeutic agents is provided based on the fitness costs of resistance and the ubiquity of naturally occurring substances that possess antibacterial effect. While we conclude from this review of the literature that the incorporation of antibacterial agents into a widening sphere of personal products has had little or no impact on the patterns of microbial susceptibility observed in the environment, the associated risks remain finite. The use of such products should therefore be associated with a clear demonstration of added value either to consumer health or to the product life. Hygienic products should therefore be targeted to applications for which the risks have been established

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Section: Biocide Action Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biocide Action Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biocide Action Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

2003

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“…The action of 2-PE on Gram-negative bacteria was reported to involve the disruption of cell membranes and the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. [9][10][11][12] It might have similar effects on Gram-positive bacteria, yeast and fungi, The data are averages of results of three independent examinations. a) Bacteria: Reduction of more than 0.1% of the viable bacterial count in mixed samples within 14 days of the initial inoculum and the viable cell count remaining at the same level or decreasing at 28 days after challenge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Temperature on the Efficacy of 2-Phenoxyethanol as a Preservative for Adsorbed Diphtheria-Purified Pertussis-Tetanus Combined Vaccine.

Komatsu

Yamazaki

Abe

et al. 2002

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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The efficacy of two antimicrobial preservatives, 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) and Thimerosal, was compared in adsorbed diphtheria-purified pertussis-tetanus combined vaccine (DPT vaccine). Thimerosal had strong microbicidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi at 25°C and 4°C. 2-PE also had microbicidal activity against these microorganisms, only had microbistatic activity against fungi at 4°C. Neither 2-PE nor Thimerosal affected the potency or toxicity of the DPT vaccine. These data suggest that 2-PE has weaker antimicrobial activity than Thimerosal against yeast and fungi in DPT vaccine at low temperatures.

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“…In höheren Konzentrationen wirkt 2-Phenoxyethanol auch gegen grampositive Bakterien wie Staphylococcus aureus sowie Pilze (Hall 1984). Der Mechanismus der antimikrobiellen Wirkung (u. a. Membranruptur, Änderung der Protonen-und Kaliumpermeabilität der Membran, Hemmung der Malatdehydrogenase, Hemmung der DNS-, RNS-und Proteinbiosynthese) ist gut untersucht (Fitzgerald et al 1992;Gilbert et al 1980;Hall 1984;Lucchini et al 1990). …”

unclassified

2‐Phenoxyethanol [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1998]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 26. Lieferung, Ausgabe 1998 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Wirkungsmechanismus Toxikokinetik und Metabolismus Aufnahme Metabolismus Verteilung und Ausscheidung Erfahrungen beim Menschen Einmalige Exposition Wiederholte Exposition Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Tierexperimentelle Befunde und In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen Akute Toxizität Subakute, subchronische und chronische Toxizität Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Sonstiges Bewertung

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The Action of 2-Phenyoxyethanol Upon Polymer Biosynthesis in Escherichia Coli NCTC 5933

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

Potential Impact of Increased Use of Biocides in Consumer Products on Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance

Influence of Temperature on the Efficacy of 2-Phenoxyethanol as a Preservative for Adsorbed Diphtheria-Purified Pertussis-Tetanus Combined Vaccine.

2‐Phenoxyethanol [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1998]

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