The Action of Cutaneous Anæsthetics

Snow Blindness and Other Eye Problems During the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration

“…40,41 Topical laudanum was still being used by some physicians for eye problems as late as the 1940s, 42 despite it being shown in 1910 that topical opiates had no analgesic properties. 43 Evans observed "the best cure in the world . .…”

Psychological aspects of drug action.

“…Hirschel (2) sketches the development of the use of local anaesthetics (suprarenin, cocain, novocain). Short and Salisbury (13) have demonstrated that none of the commonly used drugs for superficial application (belladonna, atropine, aconite, opium, chloroform, carbolic acid, cocaine, menthol) possess any anaesthetic properties when applied to the unbroken skin (ethyl chloride, which freezes the skin, is the single exception to this generalization). Veleyand Symes ( 14) discuss the physical properties of stovain and its homologues, and report.investigations of their effects on contractility of isolated muscle, blood pressure, respiration, and nerve conductivity.…”