The action of solvents on coal at low temperatures

Bodegom, Bert van; Veen, J.A.R. van; Kessel, Gerard M.M. van; Sinnige-Nijssen, Mieke W.A.; Stuiver, Hans C.M.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(85)90278-9

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This suggests that the presence of cations induces cross-links in the structure. This result is consistent with observations by van Bodegom et al 41 It is, however, not known whether these cross-links are stable with temperature or decompose at higher temperature. Confined Pyrolysis.…”

Section: Experimental Trends With Maturationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Many investigations demonstrated that the extractable content has a strong dependence on the coal type as well as on the solvent and conditions used. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] General trends in coal solubility with rank can, however, be drawn from literature data with different coals, as shown in Figure 4. Some data points from the figure include coals that have undergone a chemical treatment which potentially removes secondary interactions but does not modify the structure of the coal.…”

Section: Experimental Trends With Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variations of extractables yields with the degree of maturation can be explained as follows. It appears that the first increase may correspond to (1) the removal of cations, as a consequence of the removal of the functional groups they were associated with, i.e., carboxyls (see above), and/or (2) the removal of hydrolyz-able bonds such as esters, 41 although thought to be quite rare in coals. In any case, it is clear that cross-links related to oxygen functionalities are being removed from the coal network during maturation between approximately 73% C and ∼80% C. This is also consistent with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data showing that Zap lignite has more bridges and loops than Illinois No.…”

Section: Experimental Trends With Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extractable Yields. Many investigations demonstrated that the extractable content has a strong dependence on the coal type as well as on the solvent and conditions used. − General trends in coal solubility with rank can, however, be drawn from literature data with different coals, as shown in Figure . Some data points from the figure include coals that have undergone a chemical treatment which potentially removes secondary interactions but does not modify the structure of the coal. , As seen in the figure, and despite the significant scatter in the data, an increase in solubility seems to happen after 73% C (“first” coalification jump), after which the solubility can be either constant or increasing slightly, followed by a large increase around 80−87% C and a sharp decrease in solubility after 87% C (“second” coalification jump).…”

Section: Experimental Trends With Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Maturation on the Pyrolysis Products from Coals and Kerogens. 2. Modeling

et al. 1996

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A methodology to determine the chemistry and kinetics of the multiple reactions during geological maturation was developed, with a special emphasis on the representation of diagenesis and oil formation processes. The methodology combines a unique macromolecular and kinetic model for hydrocarbon pyrolysis, the FG-DVC (functional groupdevolatilization, vaporization, cross-linking) model, with a method of analysis based on thermogravimetric analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). TG-FTIR pyrolysis data from several natural maturation series of coals and kerogens were measured, systematic trends with the degree of maturation were identified, and empirical processes and reaction kinetics during maturation necessary to induce these trends were estimated. This approach eliminates potential inaccuracies when extrapolating kinetic parameters obtained from laboratory experiments to geological conditions. The FG-DVC pyrolysis model was modified to include these maturation processes, with aqueous chemistry providing a guide for such modifications. The resulting FG-DVC maturation model was then used to predict the maturation of several immature samples through the well-known time/temperature history of the basin. The FG-DVC pyrolysis model was subsequently used to predict the open-system pyrolysis decomposition of the predicted maturation residues, and the predictions were compared to TG-FTIR data of the corresponding naturally matured samples. For most of the series investigated, the model gave good predictions of the variations in oxygenated gas precursors, tar T max, and extractable yield with maturation. Kinetics derived from open-system pyrolysis for bridge breaking were found to be applicable during maturation. However, faster kinetics were necessary to describe the removal of oxygenated gas precursors. In addition, the removal of methane and tar was found to be too slow during maturation when using open-system pyrolysis kinetics. Artificial maturation experiments using confined pyrolysis were also performed for comparison. While the evolution rates, during subsequent pyrolysis of the maturation residues, of oxygenated gas species are different from those obtained from samples naturally matured, the yields compare favorably with model predictions. The trends for pyrolysis tar and methane from artificially matured samples are similar to those of natural samples but suggest different kinetics.

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Section: Experimental Trends With Maturationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Experimental Trends With Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Trends With Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Trends With Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Maturation on the Pyrolysis Products from Coals and Kerogens. 2. Modeling

et al. 1996

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“…The extraction yield highly depends on the properties of both solvent and coal. An efficient solvent is that which easily penetrates the coal structure and causes the swelling of coal. , It has been shown that the solvent containing nitrogen (pyridine, amines) or oxygen (tetrahydrofuran) gives a high extraction yield . Larsen et al have proved that hydrogen-bond accepting solvents such as pyridine and THF may easily break the hydrogen bonds in the organic matrix of coal and replace them with coal−solvent hydrogen bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Organic Sulfur Functionalities of Pyridine Extracts from Coals of Different Rank Using Reductive Pyrolysis

et al. 2003

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The organic sulfur functionalities in the pyridine extracts obtained from lignite (lignite A), subbituminous coal (subA), and bituminous coal (mvb) were studied by atmospheric pressure−temperature-programmed reduction (AP-TPR) method. The extraction yield was in the range of 6.7−29.3 wt % with a maximum for medium volatile bituminous coal. The H2S AP-TPR recovery for the pyridine extracts was relatively low, not higher than 45%. The coupling of the AP-TPR reactor with a different detection system from potentiometric one, i.e., with a mass spectrometer, enables the detection not only of H2S but also of other sulfur-containing compounds, which were released in the volatile products during reductive pyrolysis. Alkanethiols, thiophene, and its C1−C2 alkylated derivatives were detected in the volatiles. Both the char and the tar produced during an AP-TPR experiment were also studied by atmospheric pressure−temperature-programmed oxidation (AP-TPO) to monitor the sulfur compounds left and captured in the AP-TPR solid and liquid residues, respectively. The obtained extracts were characterized by high sulfur content, 1.18−3.74 wt %. The organic sulfur functionalities distribution of the pyridine extract reflects the rank of coal subjected to extraction. The AP-TPR analysis showed that for the extract from lignite thiols, alkyl and alkyl aryl sulfides dominate, whereas for the extract from subbituminous coal a comparable proportion of alkyl and alkyl aryl sulfides and thiophenes is found. Thiophenes are the major organic functionalities in the pyridine extract from bituminous coal.

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Solvent Swelling of Coals

Quinga

Larsen

1988

New Trends in Coal Science

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The action of solvents on coal at low temperatures

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of Maturation on the Pyrolysis Products from Coals and Kerogens. 2. Modeling

Influence of Maturation on the Pyrolysis Products from Coals and Kerogens. 2. Modeling

Study on Organic Sulfur Functionalities of Pyridine Extracts from Coals of Different Rank Using Reductive Pyrolysis

Solvent Swelling of Coals

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