The Activated Sludge Model No. 2: biological phosphorus removal

Gujer, Willi; Henze, Mogens; Mino, Takashi; Matsuo, Takayasu; Wentzel, M. C.; Marais, G. V. R.

doi:10.2166/wst.1995.0061

Cited by 137 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…ASM1 [22] and ASM3 [23] address carbon and nitrogen degradation under aerobic and anoxic conditions, while ASM2 [24] and ASM2d [25] account also for phosphorus removal. ASMs track the temporal evolution of the ASP key state variables, such as the concentrations of DO, heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, soluble and particulate nitrogen and carbonaceous substrates, etc.…”

Section: Biochemical Reactions Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal design and operation of activated sludge processes: State-of-the-art

Hreiz

Latifi

Roche

2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

171

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To cite this version:Rainier Hreiz, M A Latifi, Nicolas Roche. Optimal design and operation of activated sludge processes: State-of-the-art. Chemical Engineering Journal, Elsevier, 2015Elsevier, , 281, pp.900 -920. 10.1016Elsevier, /j.cej.2015 The paper deals with the optimal control and design of activated sludge processes. Studies on the topic are critically reviewed. Focus is set on the problem formulation that allows one getting reliable solutions. The selection of appropriate cost functions and constraints is discussed. Aspects related to dealing with model mismatch are presented. a r t i c l e i n f o t r a c tThe activated sludge process (ASP) is the most commonly used process for wastewater treatment. Improving its performance is necessary from economic and environmental point of views. In this context, dynamic optimization is a powerful tool for assisting engineers in determining optimal operations and designs for ASPs.However, the real optimality of the solution strongly depends on the optimization problem statement, for which unfortunately, there is no standard or commonly accepted formulation. In a hopeful attempt to provide a guideline for future works on the topic, this paper reviews the literature devoted to optimal control and design of ASPs. The main issues to be addressed in order to get reliable solutions are discussed, among which: (1) Managing the inevitable mismatch between the model predictions and the real ASP operation. (2) Dealing with the unpredictable variations in the wastewater characteristics. (3) Accounting for the slowest dynamic processes occurring in ASPs. (4) Appropriately selecting the decision variables and the flowsheet structure in order to simplify the problem formulation from a mathematical perspective. (5) Conveniently choosing the cost functions expressions/correlations. (6) Successfully selecting the mathematical constraints in order to guarantee physically relevant operations.

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Section: Biochemical Reactions Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…El-Shorbagy and coworkers [24,28] have used a more sophisticated point-settler model: separation efficiency was not predefined as in the classic approach, but was calculated depending on the incoming flow rate, TSS concentration, and the settler cross-section and height.…”

Section: Settler Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design and operation of activated sludge processes: State-of-the-art

Hreiz

Latifi

Roche

2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

171

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“…The next version of the Model was ASM2. A novelty in the ASM2 model is the isolation from the group of active sludge microorganisms ones with the ability of phosphorus accumulation by polyphosphate storage [6,8,10]. The ASM1 model includes eight unit processes which are divided into 3 groups: hydrolysis processes, organic substance decomposition processes occurring in the presence of heterotrophic bacteria and processes conducted by autotrophic bacteria (nitrificants).…”

Section: Cod Fraction In Biokinetic Asm Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The division of organic substances in the ASM2 model is much more complex than in the ASM1 version, because it takes into account 19 constituents used in wastewater and active sludge characterisation. Ten of them relate to insoluble constituents, nine to soluble ones [2,6,9,10]. The constituents of total COD according to the ASM1 and ASM2 models are presented respectively by the equations (2.1) and (2.2): When the biomass fraction is not included, both equations are simplified to the form CODtot = SS+SI+XSXI, g/m 3 .…”

Section: Cod Fraction In Biokinetic Asm Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cod Fractions In Mechanical-Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant

Płuciennik-Koropczuk

Jakubaszek

Myszograj

et al. 2017

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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The paper presents results of studies concerning the designation of COD fraction in the raw, mechanically treated and biologically treated wastewater. The test object was a wastewater treatment plant with the output of over 20,000 PE. The results were compared with data received in the ASM models. During investigation following fractions of COD were determined: dissolved non-biodegradable SI, dissolved easily biodegradable SS, in organic suspension slowly degradable XS and in organic suspension nonbiodegradable XI. Methodology for determining the COD fraction was based on the guidelines ATV-A 131. The real percentage of each fraction in total COD in raw wastewater are different from data received in ASM models.

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“…and the rightmost column describes the process rates (Gujer et al, 1995). Process 1, 3-6, 9, 10 and 12 of the developed ABM was applied into evaluating the carbon cycling by heterotrophic bacteria, which is part of key outcomes from Research Objective 1.…”

Section: Expanded Algae-bacteria Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing algal biomass and biofuels recovery from open culture systems

Bai¹

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Growth of algae for the purposes of generating biofuels and/or other bioproducts holds promise due to numerous advantages unique to algae. But there are serious barriers to commercial scale algae cultivation and downstream processing. Two barriers addressed in this thesis are: (i) carbon limitation in open pond algal cultivation, and (ii) difficulties for downstream processing due to the robust nature of algal cells. Hence the overall aims of this thesis were to:  Understand and model the contribution of carbon cycling by heterotrophic bacteria to algal growth, and  Facilitate effective downstream processing by applying a novel free nitrous acid (FNA) pretreatment to disrupt algal cells.To understand the contribution of heterotrophic bacteria to algal growth, carbon cycling driven by bacteria was evaluated in open algal culture systems. Since pH controls the proportion of carbon in the various inorganic pools, two different pHs were trialled. The contribution of bacteria to carbon cycling was determined by quantifying algae growth with and without supplementation of bacteria.It was found that adding heterotrophs to an open algal culture dramatically enhances algae productivity. Increases in algae productivity due to supplementation of bacteria of 4.8 and 3.4 times were observed in two batch tests operating at two different pH values over 7 days. A simplified kinetic model was proposed which described carbon limited algal growth. Simulation of the model highlighted how carbon limitation can be overcome by bacteria re-mineralising photosynthetic end products. The model was extended into a full Algae-Bacteria Model (ABM) to describe carbon, oxygen and nitrogen flows in open algal systems. The integrated model, presented in an easy to use Petersen's matrix format, provides the first description of algal cultivation processes considering the effect of heterotrophic bacteria driven carbon cycling.The second aim of the thesis was addressed through the development and use of a novel pre-treatment technology -FNA pre-treatment -to enhance biofuels production, including (i) enhancing lipids, and specifically triacylglycerides (TAG) recovery for biodiesel production, and (ii) enhancing methane yield during anaerobic digestion of algae.For enhancing lipids, and specifically TAG recovery, laboratory batch tests, with a range of FNA conditions and pre-treatment time, were conducted to disrupt algal cells prior to lipid extraction by ii organic solvents. Total lipid (TL) quantified by the Bligh and Dyer method was found to increase with longer pre-treatment time (48 h) and higher FNA concentration (up to 2.19 mg HNO2-N L -1 ).Lipid extraction kinetic analysis was also conducted by Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Contributions by others to the thesisThis thesis includes contributions made by others, particularly in the chemical analysis of wastewater and reactor samples. These contributions are acknowledged as follows:

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The Activated Sludge Model No. 2: biological phosphorus removal

Cited by 137 publications

References 0 publications

Optimal design and operation of activated sludge processes: State-of-the-art

Optimal design and operation of activated sludge processes: State-of-the-art

Cod Fractions In Mechanical-Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant

Enhancing algal biomass and biofuels recovery from open culture systems

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