The activation of irrigation solutions in Endodontics: a perfected technique

Simeone, Mariarosaria; Valletta, Alessandra; Giudice, Amerigo; Lorenzo, Pierpaolo Di; Iandolo, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/j.gien.2015.08.005

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Activation of irrigants through sonic, ultrasonic, internal heating, or laser devices has shown great improvement in the cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system and should be considered an important fundamental step in nonsurgical endodontic therapy. [5152535455]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the actual chlorine concentration and the required time for pulp dissolution using different sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions

et al. 2019

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Introduction: The goal of root canal treatment is to shape and clean the endodontic space, reducing the bacterial load and removing the pulp tissue. Obviously, the action of the endodontic instruments is limited to the main canals, regardless of the complexity of the endodontic space. Consequently, finding the best possible cleaning technique, which can be obtained chemically using irrigation solutions, is a fundamental aid in endodontic therapy. One of the most commonly used root canal irrigants is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), available in various commercial formulations. The effectiveness of NaOCl is undeniable. However, the action of dissolution of the pulp tissue is merely dependent on the concentration and the characteristics of the irrigant itself. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effective concentration of different commercial formulas of NaOCl, by evaluating the percentage of total chlorine in each product. The dissolution capacity of the pulp tissue of each of the tested products was then analyzed by measuring the required time. Materials and Methods: Three commercial types of NaOCl were selected for this study: 5% NaOCl (ACE, Procter and Gamble), 5% NaOCl (N5, Simit Dental), and 6% NaOCl (CanalPro, Coltene). For each product, 10 packages were used, from which samples of the product were taken and 30 ml × 5 ml tubes were filled. All samples were divided into three groups and were analyzed using the DIN EN ISO 7393-2 method and the percentage of total chlorine (expressed as a percentage) was calculated. Forty samples of vital pulp were obtained from teeth freshly extracted for periodontal reasons and stored in physiological solution. In order to unify the size and weight of the samples (0.0001 mg), a microtome and a precision balance (Pro Explorer Ohaus) were used. Each sample, carefully examined by stereomicroscope (×40), was placed in artificial plastic containers and submerged in 0.1 ml of irrigating solution at room temperature (26°C). A fourth control group used saline solution as irrigant. Simultaneously with the insertion of the irrigating solution, a digital stopwatch was activated and the time necessary for the complete dissolution of the pulp sample was measured. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The average percentages of chlorine detected for each group were: 4.26% (ACE), 5.16% (N5), and 5.97% (CanalPro). The Kruskal–Wallis test showed statistically significant differences between the different commercial formulations of hypochlorite ( P < 0.05). CanalPro showed the lowest values, whereas ACE showed the highest values of dissolution time of the pulp. Discussion: The analysis of the total chlorine percentage found that the actual concentration of the NaOCl in the samples is close to the values declared by the manufacturers both in the case of N5 and CanalPro. On the contrary, the concentration...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the actual chlorine concentration and the required time for pulp dissolution using different sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions

et al. 2019

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“…The protocol proposed in this study, controlled heating of NaOCl inside the root canal associated with ultrasonic activation, appears to yield promising results. [ 17 18 19 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in vitro evaluation of the degree of pulp tissue dissolution through different root canal irrigation protocols

et al. 2018

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Aim:The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro, using artificial lateral canals, the rate of dissolution of the pulp tissue through different protocols of canal irrigation.Materials and Methods:One hundred artificial canals provided with lateral canals have been used. Each lateral canal was filled with pulp tissue and calibrated to 0.002 mg. All canals were irrigated using five different protocols. Five groups have been used for the experiment: Group A, distilled water (control); Group B, preheated NaOCl; Group C, NaOCl heated inside the canal; Group D, NaOCl ultrasonically activated; and Group E, NaOCl heated inside the canal with ultrasonic activation. All samples were weighed through professional microbalance in three different phases: before insertion of the pulp tissue into the lateral canal, after insertion of the pulp tissue and, finally, after different protocols of irrigation. A statistical analysis with Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test was performed.Results:The partial dissolution of the pulp tissue inside the artificial lateral canal occurs only using the protocol with NaOCl heated inside the canal with ultrasonic activation. Other irrigation protocols are not able to dissolve the pulp tissue.Discussion and Conclusions:The main objective of endodontic therapy is the removal of damaged tissues and bacteria. Modern literature highlights that it is impossible to remove all the pulp tissues and bacteria from the whole endodontic space. Hence, to achieve excellence and get positive results in the short and long term, it is necessary to use techniques and technologies that may increase the degree of root canal detersion.

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“…The temperature of the carrier was decreased from 200 to 150°C ( boiling temperature of sodium hypochlorite is between 96 and 120 degree), plugger size 30/04, activation cycle of 10 sec (with an interval 10 sec,5 cycles ) and the heat carrier makes a short up-down movement of 2 mm to shake the irrigant. [25] Recently, Prof. Angelo Putigano created a batterybased device called " Endowarmer ", having a thin 1 mm. probe with a temperature range of 45 to 60°C.…”

Section: Sodium Hypochlorite and Heat -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat treatment of Sodium Hypochlorite : A Comprehensive Review

Rathi¹,

Nikhade²,

Chandak³

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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Introduction -The primary objective of root canal therapy is reduction of the bacteria in the root canal. The effective debridement depends on thorough cleaning and shaping of the complex root canal system. Chemical débridements can be optimally achieved using various irrigants and intracanal medicaments. The primary irrigant of choice is Sodium Hypochlorite. It has excellent tissue dissolving ability along with antibacterial property. The purpose of this review is to discuss the need to heat Sodium Hypochlorite, techniques to heat Sodium Hypochlorite, effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on tissue dissolution, antibacterial efficacy, penetration into dentinal tubules, viscosity, and effect on Ni-Ti alloy and temperature rise on external surface of root.Method-An electronic search was carried out using the certain keywords: "sodium hypochlorite", "heated sodium hypochlorite", "prewarmed sodium hypochlorite", "intracanal heating of sodium hypochlorite", to collect literature available on Heat treatment of Sodium hypochlorite.Result-Fourty One articles published between 1936-2020 were selected. Four main categories of data were highlighted: Sodium Hypochlorite and Heat, the need to heat Sodium Hypochlorite, different techniques to Heat Sodium Hypochlorite, effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on various parameters. Conclusion-The efficacy of lower concentration of sodium hypochlorite can be effectively enhanced by increasing its temperature. It enhance the pulp dissolution, antibacterial efficacy and flow without any adverse effect on periodontal ligament or outer surface of the root.

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The activation of irrigation solutions in Endodontics: a perfected technique

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of the actual chlorine concentration and the required time for pulp dissolution using different sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions

Evaluation of the actual chlorine concentration and the required time for pulp dissolution using different sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions

An in vitro evaluation of the degree of pulp tissue dissolution through different root canal irrigation protocols

Heat treatment of Sodium Hypochlorite : A Comprehensive Review

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