“…Intense pain during childbirth can lead to physiological changes in the body, such as increased blood pressure, elevated heart rate, and increased respiratory rate. If not addressed promptly, this pain can escalate feelings of worry, tension, fear, and stress (Santoro et al, 2018;Friedman & Cohen, 2023).References Astuti & Noviyanti (2015), adds that fear causes the arteries leading to the uterus to contract and tighten, resulting in pain. However, in the absence of fear, muscles relax, and the cervix can naturally thin and open during rhythmic pulsations of the body, facilitating easier pushing of the baby.…”