The activity budgets of captive orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in two different Indonesian zoos

Abstract

Abstract. Dalimunthe NP, Alikodra HS, Iskandar E, Atmoko SSU. 2021. The activity budgets of captive orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in two different Indonesian zoos. Biodiversitas 22: 1912-1919. In nature, orangutans spent most of the activity budgets for foraging. It is presumed that orangutan in captivity carries out different activities. This study aimed to investigate the activity of Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in different zoos with different types of cage according to their design, enrichments, and diets. It was conducted at two different Indonesian zoos, namely Ragunan Zoo (TMR) and Taman Safari Indonesia (TSI). The study used a total of 11 orangutans. From each zoo, orangutan individuals from each zoo and each age and sex class (adult male, adult female, and juvenile/juvenile) were used in the present study. The activity budgets were compared between age-sexual classes, cage types, and weekday-holiday categories. Environmental enrichment analysis was also used. The total observation time in this study for each individual was 4,500 minutes. The adult male had more resting activity than other groups, while the juvenile group showed a higher percentage of social, moving, and feeding activities. It was also observed that there were different activity budgets between individuals in a separate cage and week-holiday groups. Overall, it was assumed that the difference in orangutan activity budgets was influenced by cage types, individual arrangements, and environmental enrichment. Meanwhile, a juvenile showed a higher percentage of enrichment using. Enrichment was influenced by cage type and individual arrangement.

The development of social attention in orangutans: comparing peering behaviour in wild and zoo-housed individuals

“…This is surprising, considering that zoo-housed orangutans tend to show shorter developmental periods compared to their conspecifics in the wild which suggests an overall faster physical development (Markham 1995; Shumaker et al 2008; van Noordwijk et al 2018). Likely, increased social opportunities to peer at targets other than the mother, as well as more available free time (Dalimunthe et al 2021) enable zoo-housed orangutans to peer at a higher frequency, for a drawn-out time during their development. Even after we controlled for differences in social opportunities, zoo-housed immature orangutans still exhibited higher rates of peering compared to wild immatures (Fig.…”

Diversidade de plantas alimentícias encontradas em quintais da comunidade Bom Lugar, Campo Maior-PI

“…A expressiva quantidade de plantas alimentícias encontradas nos quintais em nosso estudo era esperada, uma vez que estudos realizados em quintais têm revelado a predominância desse grupo (Florentino, Araújo & Albuquerque, 2007;Botelho, Lamano-Ferreira & Ferreira, 2014;Ramli, Milow & Malek, 2021). Destaca-se também que a composição de espécies encontradas nos quintais de Bom lugar demonstra que estes sistemas produtivos são bastante diversificados.…”