The Actual Role of LDH as Tumor Marker, Biochemical and Clinical Aspects

Jurišić, Vladimir; Radenković, Sandra; Konjević, Gordana

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_8

Cited by 216 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…High levels of AST and ALT have been observed previously in hospitalized COVID patients [16]; however, to the best of our knowledge, they were never compared with patients affected by pulmonary diseases but COVID-19 negative. The strong association between LDH and the COVID-19 disease (Table 2) might be explained by the facts that this enzyme is known to be a marker of lung damage [17] and that COVID-19 primarily infects the lower respiratory tracts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine blood tests as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19

Ferrari

Motta²,

Strollo³

et al. 2020

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

241

208

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AbstractObjectivesThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to date, the epidemic has gradually spread to 209 countries worldwide with more than 1.5 million infected people and 100,000 deaths. Amplification of viral RNA by rRT-PCR serves as the gold standard for confirmation of infection, yet it needs a long turnaround time (3–4 h to generate results) and shows false-negative rates as large as 15%–20%. In addition, the need of certified laboratories, expensive equipment and trained personnel led many countries to limit the rRT-PCR tests only to individuals with pronounced respiratory syndrome symptoms. Thus, there is a need for alternative, less expensive and more accessible tests.MethodsWe analyzed the plasma levels of white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of 207 patients who, after being admitted to the emergency room of the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) with COVID-19 symptoms, were rRT-PCR tested. Of them, 105 tested positive, whereas 102 tested negative.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed for WBC, CRP, AST, ALT and LDH. Empirical thresholds for AST and LDH allowed the identification of 70% of either COVID-19-positive or -negative patients on the basis of routine blood test results.ConclusionsCombining appropriate cutoffs for certain hematological parameters could help in identifying false-positive/negative rRT-PCR tests. Blood test analysis might be used as an alternative to rRT-PCR for identifying COVID-19-positive patients in those countries which suffer from a large shortage of rRT-PCR reagents and/or specialized laboratory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routine blood tests as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19

Ferrari

Motta²,

Strollo³

et al. 2020

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

241

208

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“…While in the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is reduced to lactate by lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, LDH, as a ubiquitous enzyme in mammals, utilizes NADH as a cofactor to participate in this process (Jurisic, Radenkovic, & Konjevic, ), so the activity of LDH can be used as a molecular biomarker when cells are cultured in vitro (Jurisic, Bumbasirevic, Konjevic, Djuricic, & Spuzic, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study demonstrates that EF‐sir2 increase activity of PGC‐1α by deacetylation to control the downstream pathway, so we describe a novel discovery to explain interaction between EF‐sir2 protein and related signalling pathway of energy metabolism in the mitochondria of mammalian host cells. However, whether conserved sir2 genes in prokaryotic cells regulate mammalian anaerobic metabolic processes (Jurisic et al, ) and their effects on the life span (Datta & Chakrabarti, ) of prokaryotic cells needs further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterococcus faecalis sir2-like gene enhances aerobic metabolism of themselves and mitochondrial respiration of mammal cells to bring about improving metabolic syndrome through the PGC-1α pathway

Fei

et al. 2019

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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Recent studies showed that probiotics could improve metabolic syndrome, making the identification of factors affecting metabolic control more important than ever.The mammalian sirtuin protein family has received much attention for its regulatory role, especially in various mitochondrial ATP, glucose, and lipid metabolic pathways.However, compared with the mammalian sirtuin protein family, the function of prokaryotic sir2 protein is much less known. We studied the effects of probiotics sir2 protein on cell energy metabolize pathway, which showed that deletion of Enterococcus faecalis sir2 inhibited the aerobic oxidation of bacteria and increased the bacterial fermentation. The study of EF-sir2 (sir2 protein of E. faecalis) role of molecular targets demonstrated that deacetylation of EF-sir2 was via Rho upregulating in E. faecalis.When transfected into HEK293T cells, EF-sir2 could significantly facilitate aerobic oxidation of glucose, enhance the respiration to generate more ATP, and cause upregulation of NRF1 target gene. Then, we found EF-sir2 could increase activity of PGC-1α by deacetylation and PGC-1α inhibition decreased the expression of NRF1 target gene. Finally, we demonstrated that EF-sir2 could significantly improve the metabolic index of mammalian cells through insulin resistanced model in vitro and metabolic syndrome rat model in vivo. Our results first revealed that prokaryotic sir2 genes affect the molecular mechanism of cellular metabolism and the regulatory of cell homeostasis in prokaryotic and mammalian cells, suggesting that EF-sir2 has a positive regulatory effect on metabolic disturbance and may be used for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes related to metabolic syndrome. KEYWORDS cellular energy, metabolic syndrome, NRF1, PGC-1α, probiotics, sir2-like gene * Shiyu Li and Zhengbin Fei contributed equally to this work.

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“…The main reason for selecting these are that many genes involved in Lactate Dehydrogenase are also involved in a number of other reactions. Furthermore Lactate Dehydrogenase is a notable enzyme that has been studied for its potential role as a biomarker in tumours [2].…”

Section: Selection Of Gpras To Be Modelledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Gene-Protein-Reaction Associations on an FPGA

Coggins¹

2019

Preprint

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Genome-Scale metabolic models have proven to be incredibly useful.Allowing researchers to model cellular functionality based upon gene expression. However as the number of genes and reactions increases it can become computationally demanding. The first step in genome-scale metabolic modelling is to model the relationship between genes and reactions in the form of Gene-Protein-Reaction Associations (GPRA). In this research we have developed a way to model GPRAs on an Altera Cyclone II FPGA using Quartus II programmable logic device design software and the VHDL hardware description language. The model consisting of 7 genes and 7 reactions was implemented using 7 combinational functions and 14 I/O pins. This model will be the first step towards creating a full genome scale metabolic model on FPGA devices which we will be fully investigating in future studies. 1

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The Actual Role of LDH as Tumor Marker, Biochemical and Clinical Aspects

Cited by 216 publications

References 60 publications

Routine blood tests as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19

Routine blood tests as a potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19

Enterococcus faecalis sir2-like gene enhances aerobic metabolism of themselves and mitochondrial respiration of mammal cells to bring about improving metabolic syndrome through the PGC-1α pathway

Modelling Gene-Protein-Reaction Associations on an FPGA

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