The Acute Effects of Ethyl Alcohol and Chlorpromazine on Certain Physiological Functions in Alcoholics

Kissin, Benjamin; Schenker, Victor; Schenker, Anne C.

doi:10.15288/qjsa.1959.20.480

Cited by 36 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…One way of conceptualizing alcohol's effect on MFH men is to view it as normalizing a dysfunctional pattern of stimulus responsivity. This conclusion was also arrived at by Kissin, Schenker, and Schenker (1959) after they examined the effects of alcohol on a number of physiological indices, both autonomic and endocrine, in chronic alcoholics. The increased sensitivity of MFH men to the stress-response-dampening and normalizing effects of alcohol may lead these men to choose alcohol consumption as a means of coping with stressful situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of alcohol on psychophysiological hyperreactivity to nonaversive and aversive stimuli in men at high risk for alcoholism.

Finn

Zeitouni²,

Pihl³

1990

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

128

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Psychophysiological reactivity to nonaversive (1-KHz, 70-db tones) and aversive stimuli (shock) was examined in nonalcoholic men with multigenerational family histories (MFH) of alcoholism and family history negative (FH-) men, while sober and after consuming alcohol. In comparison with FH- Ss, sober MFH Ss had significantly larger skin conductance (SC) orienting responses (ORs), shorter OR latencies, slower habituation rates to the tones, and larger increases in heart rate and vasoconstriction to the shock. Alcohol dampened the magnitude of the SC-OR to the tones and the degree of cardiovascular reactivity to the shocks and increased the habituation rate to the tones in MFH Ss only. Alcohol consumption also increased the SC-OR recovery time in FH- Ss only. The MFH Ss' pattern of psychophysiological hyperreactivity is discussed in terms of a potential dysfunction in stimulus-response regulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of alcohol on psychophysiological hyperreactivity to nonaversive and aversive stimuli in men at high risk for alcoholism.

Finn

Zeitouni²,

Pihl³

1990

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

128

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“…Pomerleau et al (1983) have explained their observations in terms of both appetitive arousal and conditioned responding to alcohol stimuli. Beazell & Ivy (1940) noted a fall in salivation following alcohol consumption and Kissin et al (1959) observed a decrease in salivia sodium, interpreting the change as due to parasympatholytic effects of alcohol. Pomerleau et al's findings may indicate the existence of a salivatory CAntR to ARCs.…”

Section: Crs To Arcs In Alcohol-dependent and Social Drinkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned learning in alcohol dependence: implications for cue exposure treatment

Drummond

Cooper

Glautier

1990

British Journal of Addiction

199

109

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A review of the literature pertinent to cue exposure treatment in alcohol dependence is presented. Psychological models of relapse, based on conditioning and social learning theories, are critically evaluated. In particular, attention is drawn to the potential implications for cue exposure research and treatment of an interaction between Pavlovian and operant conditioning, problems with the application of the concepts of arousal and craving and the importance of a systems model to understand physiological responses. It is concluded that no study has so far demonstrated a link between conditioned responses to alcohol-related cues and relapse, an assumption on which cue exposure treatment is based. Further, the evidence for the effectiveness of cue exposure as a treatment is lacking. Promising research directions are identified.

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“…In considering the physiological evidence, Kissin, Schenker, and Schenker (1959) observed that alcohol had a normalizing effect on autonomic functioning in alcoholics. That is, alcoholic individuals who were initially low in sympathetic reactivity were stimulated by alcohol, whereas those who were high in sympathetic reactivity were sedated after the consumption of alcohol.…”

Section: Evidence Linking Temperament Deviations To Alcoholism and Su...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are there inherited behavioral traits that predispose to substance abuse?

Tarter¹

1988

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

232

162

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Research findings suggest that alcoholism and drug abuse may be predisposed by inherited behavioral propensities or temperaments. These inherited predispositions, through interaction with the physical and social environments, shape the development of personality. As discussed herein, there is strong evidence linking certain personality characteristics, specifically antisocial and neurotic traits, with the risk for substance abuse. Thus, personality and its precursor, temperament, comprise an important diathesis. However, an adverse outcome also depends on a variety of developmental and environmental factors.The risk for developing a substance-abuse problem is not equally distributed in the general population. Numerous factors present in childhood augment the risk for the subsequent development of either an alcohol or a drug problem. Some of the most salient psychosocial risk factors include urban demographic status, low socioeconomic status, weak cultural-religious affiliation, easy access to drugs and alcohol, family history of alcohol or drug use, family discord, identification with a nonnormative peer group, alienation, and weak inculcation of nor-

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The Acute Effects of Ethyl Alcohol and Chlorpromazine on Certain Physiological Functions in Alcoholics

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of alcohol on psychophysiological hyperreactivity to nonaversive and aversive stimuli in men at high risk for alcoholism.

Effects of alcohol on psychophysiological hyperreactivity to nonaversive and aversive stimuli in men at high risk for alcoholism.

Conditioned learning in alcohol dependence: implications for cue exposure treatment

Are there inherited behavioral traits that predispose to substance abuse?

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