The acute exercise-cognition interaction: From the catecholamines hypothesis to an interoception model

McMorris, Terry

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.005

Cited by 56 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 207 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies using electroencephalogram suggest increases in arousal following both aerobic ( Kamijo et al, 2004 ) and resistance ( Tsai et al, 2014 ) exercise. Acute physical exercise has also been implicated in altering brain circuits involving neurotransmitters ( Pontifex et al, 2019 ; McMorris, 2021 ). This suggests that executive improvement after acute physical exercise may be related to increased central neurochemical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute aerobic exercise at light/moderate intensity improves cognitive performance ( Chang et al, 2012 ; McMorris, 2021 ). The effects of acute resistance exercise on cognitive performance have received increasing attention, and recent reviews have suggested that resistance exercise also has the potential to improve cognitive performance ( Soga et al, 2018 ; Wilke et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of acute resistance exercise on cognitive performance have received increasing attention, and recent reviews have suggested that resistance exercise also has the potential to improve cognitive performance ( Soga et al, 2018 ; Wilke et al, 2019 ). It is widely speculated that an increase in arousal is responsible for these improvements in cognitive performance ( Chang et al, 2012 ; Ando et al, 2020 ; McMorris, 2021 ). However, the mechanism(s) responsible for cognitive improvement following acute aerobic and resistance exercise remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adrenaline and noradrenaline are important for the adaptive response to physiological stressors through the activation of the sympathoadrenomedullary system ( Danese et al, 2018 ). In this context, there is some evidence in the literature that acute physical exercise increases circulating catecholamine concentrations ( Pontifex et al, 2019 ; McMorris, 2021 ). Although peripheral adrenaline and noradrenaline do not easily traverse the blood-brain barrier ( Cornford et al, 1982 ), increased circulating adrenaline and noradrenaline activate β-adrenoceptors on the afferent vagus nerve, which terminates in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) within the blood-brain barrier ( McGaugh et al, 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Improvement After Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Is Not Associated With Peripheral Biomarkers

Andò

Komiyama

Tanoue

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The role of peripheral biomarkers following acute physical exercise on cognitive improvement has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to explore the role of peripheral circulating biomarkers in executive performance following acute aerobic and resistance exercise. Nineteen healthy males completed a central executive (Go/No-Go) task before and after 30-min of perceived intensity matched aerobic and resistance exercise. In the aerobic condition, the participants cycled an ergometer at 40% peak oxygen uptake. In the resistance condition, they performed resistance exercise using elastic bands. Before and after an acute bout of physical exercise, venous samples were collected for the assessment of following biomarkers: adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucose, lactate, cortisol, insulin-like growth hormone factor 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Reaction time decreased following both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise (p = 0.04). Repeated measures correlation analysis indicated that changes in reaction time were not associated with the peripheral biomarkers (all p > 0.05). Accuracy tended to decrease in the resistance exercise condition (p = 0.054). Accuracy was associated with changes in adrenaline [rrm(18) = −0.51, p = 0.023], noradrenaline [rrm(18) = −0.66, p = 0.002], lactate [rrm(18) = −0.47, p = 0.035], and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [rrm(17) = −0.47, p = 0.044] in the resistance condition. These findings suggest that these peripheral biomarkers do not directly contribute to reduction in reaction time following aerobic or resistance exercise. However, greater sympathoexcitation, reflected by greater increase in noradrenaline, may be associated with a tendency for a reduction in accuracy after acute resistance exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cognitive Improvement After Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Is Not Associated With Peripheral Biomarkers

Andò

Komiyama

Tanoue

et al. 2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…In this context, this study also seeks to investigate the neurobiological processes that drive possible exercise-related changes in cognitive performance in response to acute physical exercises (i.e., SSREHIT) because the knowledge in this direction is relatively limited [ 2 ]. In the literature, there are several hypotheses on possible neurobiological processes (e.g., the catecholamine hypothesis [ 29 , 30 ] or the interoception model [ 31 ]) that drive the changes in cognitive performance in response to an acute bout of physical exercises (for review, see Reference [ 2 ]). Among those neurobiological processes, there is some evidence that exercise-related changes in the blood lactate levels can be an important factor [ 32 ], given the findings of some studies reporting in younger adults a positive association between changes in the levels of blood lactate and cognitive performance (i.e., executive functioning) in response to an acute bout of physical exercises [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Acute Sprint Interval Training on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Younger Adults

Herold

Behrendt

Meißner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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There is considerable evidence showing that an acute bout of physical exercises can improve cognitive performance, but the optimal exercise characteristics (e.g., exercise type and exercise intensity) remain elusive. In this regard, there is a gap in the literature to which extent sprint interval training (SIT) can enhance cognitive performance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a time-efficient SIT, termed as “shortened-sprint reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training” (SSREHIT), on cognitive performance. Nineteen healthy adults aged 20–28 years were enrolled and assessed for attentional performance (via the d2 test), working memory performance (via Digit Span Forward/Backward), and peripheral blood lactate concentration immediately before and 10 minutes after an SSREHIT and a cognitive engagement control condition (i.e., reading). We observed that SSREHIT can enhance specific aspects of attentional performance, as it improved the percent error rate (F%) in the d-2 test (t (18) = −2.249, p = 0.037, d = −0.516), which constitutes a qualitative measure of precision and thoroughness. However, SSREHIT did not change other measures of attentional or working memory performance. In addition, we observed that the exercise-induced increase in the peripheral blood lactate levels correlated with changes in attentional performance, i.e., the total number of responses (GZ) (rm = 0.70, p < 0.001), objective measures of concentration (SKL) (rm = 0.73, p < 0.001), and F% (rm = −0.54, p = 0.015). The present study provides initial evidence that a single bout of SSREHIT can improve specific aspects of attentional performance and conforming evidence for a positive link between cognitive improvements and changes in peripheral blood lactate levels.

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Active motor‐cognitive recovery supports reactive agility performance in trained athletes

Hülsdünker,

Koster,

Mierau

2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Active breaks are suggested to support recovery and performance in sports. Previous research in ball and team sports focused on motor performance such as repetitive sprinting or change of direction. This does not account for the interaction between motor and cognitive task demands in sports. Therefore, this study is the first to investigate the effectiveness of an active motor‐cognitive break to support reactive agility performance. Twenty (7 female and 13 male) healthy trained young adults (mean age: 26 years) performed an active or passive 5 min break following a fatiguing protocol of six 100 m reactive agility runs with an intermittent break of 40 s. Prior to the experiment (pre), after fatigue (post), and following the rest condition (retention), a reactive agility test was performed using the SKILLCOURT technology. In addition, lactate, heartrate, and physical exertion were recorded. Active rest contained two motor‐cognitive training tasks on the SKILLCOURT combining low to moderate physical intensity with conflict inhibition and decision‐making. During passive rest, participants remained seated. When comparing post and retention agility tests, results indicate significantly stronger performance gains following the active when compared to the passive break condition (p = 0.02 and ηp2 = 0.24). This was not associated with any differences in physiological parameters such as lactate, heart rate, or RPE (p ≥ 0.25). The results suggest that active motor‐cognitive breaks support recovery and improve sport‐related reactive agility performance. Performance gains in the active break are likely attributable to cognitive performance effects rather than physiological recovery, which may benefit athletes especially in ball and team sports.

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The acute exercise-cognition interaction: From the catecholamines hypothesis to an interoception model

Cited by 56 publications

References 207 publications

Cognitive Improvement After Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Is Not Associated With Peripheral Biomarkers

Cognitive Improvement After Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Is Not Associated With Peripheral Biomarkers

The Influence of Acute Sprint Interval Training on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Younger Adults

Active motor‐cognitive recovery supports reactive agility performance in trained athletes

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