The Acute Mortality Response of Beagles to Mixed Gamma-Neutron Radiations and 250 KVP X Rays

George, Robert; Stanley, R. E.; Wise, D.; Barron, Edward L.

doi:10.21236/ad0672896

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…There is an extensive historical and contemporary database using canine models to establish the DRR for the H-ARS relative to radiation quality, dose rate, non-uniform, and unilateral and heterogeneous exposures with body shielding (MacVittie et al 1991;Ainsworth et al 1965;Alpen 1991;Alpen and Baum 1964;Alpen et al 1958Alpen et al , 2001George et al 1968;Pitchford and Thorp 1968;Wang et al 1991) (Fig. 9, Table 7).…”

Section: H-ars: Comparative Drrs For Canine and Minipig Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was no significant difference in the slopes (χ 2 , p = 0.66). Comparable data sets were also available for canines exposed to 250 kVp x radiation, 60 Co γ radiation, or mixed γ:neutron radiation Norris 1968;Ainsworth et al 1965;Shively et al 1958;Hansen et al 1961;Alpen et al 1958;Alpen and Baum 1964;George et al 1968;Pitchford and Thorp 1968;Wang et al 1991) (Table 7). The data provided are representative studies selected by the authors.…”

Section: H-ars: Comparative Drrs For Canine and Minipig Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hematopoietic Syndrome of the Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rhesus Macaques

MacVittie

Farese²,

Jackson³

2015

Health Physics

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Well characterized animal models that mimic the human response to potentially lethal doses of radiation are required to assess the efficacy of medical countermeasures under the criteria of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration "animal rule." Development of a model requires the determination of the radiation dose response relationship and time course of mortality and morbidity across the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome. The nonhuman primate, rhesus macaque, is a relevant animal model that may be used to determine the efficacy of medical countermeasures to mitigate major signs of morbidity and mortality at selected lethal doses of total body irradiation. A systematic review of relevant studies that determined the dose response relationship for the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome in the rhesus macaque relative to radiation quality, dose rate, and exposure uniformity has never been performed. The selection of data cohorts was made from the following sources: Ovid Medline (1957-present), PubMed (1954-present), AGRICOLA (1976-present), Web of Science (1954-present), and U.S. HHS REPORT (2002 to present). The following terms were used: Rhesus, total body-irradiation, total body x irradiation, TBI, irradiation, gamma radiation, hematopoiesis, LD50/60, Macaca mulatta, whole-body irradiation, nonhuman primate, NHP, monkey, primates, hematopoietic radiation syndrome, mortality, and nuclear radiation. The reference lists of all studies, published and unpublished, were reviewed for additional studies. The total number of hits across all search sites was 3,001. There were a number of referenced, unpublished, non-peer reviewed government reports that were unavailable for review. Fifteen studies, 11 primary (n = 863) and four secondary (n = 153) studies [n = 1,016 total nonhuman primates (NHP), rhesus Macaca mulatta] were evaluated to provide an informative and consistent review. The dose response relationships (DRRs) were determined for uniform or non-uniform total body irradiation (TBI) with 250 kVp or 2 MeV x radiation, Co gamma radiation and reactor- and nuclear weapon-derived mixed gamma: neutron-radiation, delivered at various dose rates from a total body, bilateral, rotational, or unilateral exposure aspect. The DRRs established by a probit analysis vs. linear dose relationship were characterized by two main parameters or dependent variables: a slope and LD50/30. Respective LD50/30 values for studies that used 250 kVp x radiation (five primary studies combined, n = 338), 2 MeV x radiation, Co gamma radiation, and steady-state reactor-derived mixed gamma:neutron radiation for total body uniform exposures were 521 rad [498, 542], 671 rad [632, 715], 644 rad [613, 678], and 385 rad [357, 413]. The respective slopes were steep and ranged from 0.738 to 1.316. The DRR, LD50/30 values and slopes were also determined for total body, non-uniform, unilateral, pulse-rate exposures of mixed gamma:neutron radiation derived at reactor and nuclear weapon detonations. The LD50/30 values were, respectively, 395 rad [337, 432...

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