The acute versus the chronic response to exercise

Thompson, Paul D.; Crouse, Stephen F.; Goodpaster, Brett; Kelley, David E.; Moyna, Niall M.; Pescatello, Linda S.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00012

Cited by 439 publications

(380 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…In a follow‐up to this analysis, Sesso and colleagues found that, among men with multiple (≥4) CVD risk factors, those who were more active had reduced CHD risk compared with those who were less active 10. It is not surprising that physical activity is associated with lower risk of CVD in these high‐risk subgroups because many of the mechanisms for the benefits of exercise include improvements in several of these cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure, lipoprotein levels, and glucose tolerance 19, 20, 21…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Is the Relation Modified by Level of Global Cardiovascular Risk?

Chomistek

Cook

Rimm

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundThe inverse association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well‐ established and has previously been shown in people with and without single CVD risk factors. We examined whether level of global cardiovascular risk, on the basis of the pooled cohort equation or Reynolds risk score, which include multiple risk factors, modified the physical activity–CVD association.Methods and ResultsParticipants in the prospective WHS (Women's Health Study; n=27 536) reported their leisure‐time physical activity at study entry (1992–1995) and during follow‐up through 2013. Participants were divided into 10‐year cardiovascular risk groups on the basis of the pooled cohort equation and Reynolds risk score. The primary outcome was incident total CVD. The CVD hazard ratio for active (≥500 kcal/wk of physical activity) compared with inactive (<500 kcal/wk) individuals was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.80) in multivariable models. This association was not modified by level of cardiovascular risk; physical activity was inversely associated with CVD within all pooled cohort equation and Reynolds risk score groups (P=0.17 and P=0.66 for interaction, respectively). When the joint association of physical activity and level of cardiovascular risk was examined, women with higher risk on the basis of either the pooled cohort equation or Reynolds risk score had higher CVD rates compared with those at low risk, regardless of physical activity. However, among women at both high and low risk, being physically active was associated with lower risk of CVD events.ConclusionsIn this large prospective cohort of women, level of global cardiovascular risk did not modify the inverse association between leisure‐time physical activity and incident CVD. Thus, promoting physical activity is important in women at both low and high cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Is the Relation Modified by Level of Global Cardiovascular Risk?

Chomistek

Cook

Rimm

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…11 A single bout of exercise was chosen for this study because it may be the initial step to investigate the effectiveness of exercise on blood pressure reduction in populations previously identified as nonresponders. 24 Training studies may not be justified without demonstrating an acute response first. Furthermore, the utilization of acute exercise responses allows for more efficacious study into possible variations in the exercise prescription for nonresponders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, our results cannot be attributed to these differences because in blood pressure, the acute response reflects the training response. 24 On the other hand, Nami and colleagues did not include the control group in their study, which made it hard to interpret the effects of exercise training on blood pressure. Our subjects served as their own controls.…”

Section: Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of day for exercise on blood pressure reduction in dipping and nondipping hypertension

2005

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Time of day (TOD) for exercise may influence blood pressure (BP) reduction in hypertension because of the diurnal variation of BP and the duration of BP reduction following a single bout of exercise. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of TOD for exercise on ambulatory blood pressure reduction in dipping (n ¼ 5) and nondipping (n ¼ 9) hypertension (o10% drop in nighttime BP (BP night )). Hypotheses: (1) evening exercise (PM ex ) would exhibit a greater BP night reduction in NonDippers than Dippers, (2) morning exercise (AM ex ) would exhibit similar daytime BP (BP day ) reduction in Dippers and Non-Dippers, (3) AM ex would exhibit greater 24 h BP (BP 24 h ) reduction than PM ex in Dippers, and (4) AM ex and PM ex would exhibit similar BP 24 h reduction in NonDippers. BP responses to AM ex (0600-0800 h; 30 min at 50% VO 2peak ) and PM ex (1700-1900 h) were compared to each control day in a randomized design. Systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP were averaged for BP 24 h , BP day , and BP night . A two-way ANOVA (dipping X time of exercise) using BP reduction with repeated measures were performed at Po0.05. Findings: (1) Non-Dippers respond to exercise despite of TOD for exercise, (2) PM ex exhibited a greater SBP night reduction in Non-Dippers than Dippers, (3) AM ex exhibited similar SBP day reductions in Dippers and Non-Dippers, and (4) AM ex and PM ex exhibited similar SBP 24 h reduction in Dippers and NonDippers. Dippers and Non-Dippers respond differently to TOD for exercise. The duration of the BP reduction persists up to 24 h after exercise.

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“…Many of the compensating mechanisms previously suggested like body temperature, 27,38,39 blood lipids, 40,41 glucose or insulin concentrations, 40,42 might well come into play on a shortterm basis. Long-term regulatory mechanisms like adipose tissue-related factors such as leptin 43,44 are also known now.…”

Section: Regulation Of Energy Intakementioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of physical activity on food intake

Melzer¹,

Kayser²,

Saris³

et al. 2005

Clinical Nutrition

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SummaryThe understanding of the effect of physical activity (PA) on food intake is imperative for considering PA as an additional tool for prevention and treatment of many diseases. Prolonged strenuous PA performed on a regular basis causes an increase in overall energy turnover, and leads either to loss of body weight, or to an increased food intake. When leading to loss of body weight, PA may be used as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of obesity. When increasing food intake to compensate for increased energy expenditure and maintaining body weight, PA, by increasing intake of other constituents of food like minerals and vitamins, may contribute to micronutrient deficiency coverage. However, the type of activity, as well as body composition of the individuals engaging in sport, play an important role in food intake regulation and its changes with time. Some studies indicate that shortterm exercise does not have the same effect on food intake as long-term exercise and that eventual increase in food intake due to increased PA does not follow the same pattern in obese as in lean individuals. To better understand the relationship between PA on food intake, current findings on this topic will be summarized in this paper.

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The acute versus the chronic response to exercise

Cited by 439 publications

References 64 publications

Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Is the Relation Modified by Level of Global Cardiovascular Risk?

Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Is the Relation Modified by Level of Global Cardiovascular Risk?

Time of day for exercise on blood pressure reduction in dipping and nondipping hypertension

Effects of physical activity on food intake

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