“…SARS-CoV-2 variants differ primarily due to mutations in the spike protein, resulting in either increased binding for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), the entry receptor, or immune evasion. For instance, the mutation D614G, which became dominant in February 2020 [ 4 , 16 ], confers enhanced binding to ACE-2 and increased transmissibility [ 17 ]. Multiple mutations (e.g., K417N, E484A, and N501Y) were shown to lead to decreased antibody neutralization, as demonstrated by the augmented risk of re-infection with the Omicron variant [ 4 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”