“…Several studies have shown that growth factors play a variety of roles during muscle regeneration (Gospodarowicz et al, 1976; Inselburg and Applebaum, 1978; Linkhart et al, 1981; Florini et al, 1986; Olson et al, 1986; Allen and Boxhorn, 1989; Jennische, 1989; Jin et al, 1990; Yablonka-Reuveni et al, 1990; Anderson et al, 1991; Grounds, 1991; Harrington et al, 1992; Doumit et al, 1993; McFarland et al, 1993; Barnard et al, 1994; Coleman et al, 1995; Johnson and Allen, 1995; Jones and Clemmons, 1995; Lefaucheur and Sebille, 1995; Zdanowicz et al, 1995; Chambers and McDermott, 1996; Engert et al, 1996; Florini et al, 1996; Papadakis et al, 1996; Quinn and Haugk, 1996; Floss et al, 1997; Kurek et al, 1997; Lamberts et al, 1997; Barton-Davis et al, 1998; Damon et al, 1998; Springer et al, 1998; Tatsumi et al, 1998; Keller et al, 1999; Gowdak et al, 2000; Sheehan et al, 2000; De Deyne et al, 2002; Musaro et al, 2004; Wieteska-Skrzeczynska et al, 2011a,b). Using a mouse model, Menetrey et al (2000) found that direct injections of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), and, to a lesser extent, nerve growth factor (NGF), led to enhanced muscle healing in lacerated, contused, and strain-injured muscle at 2, 5, and 7 days after injury.…”