“…A computer-assisted sperm analysis system with 60 digital images per second (Sperm Motility Analysis System, Digital Image Technology, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine percentages of the total, progressive and rapid progressive motile spermatozoa (%), and kinetic parameters (Ogata et al, 2022;Sapanidou et al, 2022), such as the velocity straight line (VSL), velocity curved line (VCL), velocity average path (VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and beat cross frequency (BCF). The set-up of the system used for conventional motion characteristics of bull semen was according to the manufacturer's guidelines basically based on the WHO criteria (World Health Organization, 1999 previously described in more specifications for bull semen (Gürler et al, 2016;Bulkeley et al, 2021) (Spermvision standard bulls, average orientation change <2.5, straightness <0.5, linearity <0.35, distance straight line <4.5, distance average path/radius ≥3 and linearity <0.5).…”