The Additional Effect of a Dentifrice on the Instant Efficacy of Toothbrushing: A Crossover Study

Paraskevas, S.P.; Rosema, N.A.M.; Versteeg, P.A.; Timmerman, M.F.; Velden, U. van der; Weijden, G.A. van der

doi:10.1902/jop.2007.060339

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To include a population with high plaque scores at the start of the experimental period, participants were selected that had an overnight plaque score of 2 or higher as assessed according to Modified Quigley & Hein Plaque index (Paraskevas et al, 2007). Exclusion criteria were: oral mucosal lesions, orthodontic appliances, removable (partial) dentures, and overhanging margins of dental restorations (clinically assessed with a periodontal probe), the use of antibiotics during the last 6 months, Dutch Periodontal Screening Index (Mantilla Gomez et al, 2001) (DPSI) ≥3+ (periodontal pockets >5 mm with bleeding on probing and gingival recession), the use of medication possibly influencing normal gingival health, pregnancy and smoking.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For plaque scores teeth were disclosed with a 1% erythrosine solution. Plaque was assessed at six sites per tooth on a six-point scale using the Quigley & Hein's plaque index (Quigley and Hein, 1962) as modified by Turesky et al (1970) and further modified by Lobene et al (1982), in which the absence or presence of plaque was recorded on a 0–5 scale (0 = no plaque, 5 = plaque covering more than two-thirds of the tooth surface) and described in detail by Paraskevas et al (2007). At the baseline appointment the level of oral health was assessed in the two contra-lateral quadrants that had previously been sampled for supragingival plaque using the Bleeding on Marginal Probing (BOMP) score (van der Weijden et al, 1994a,b; Lie et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults

Mostajo

Reijden

Buijs

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Oral bacteria live in symbiosis with the host. Therefore, when mouthwashes are indicated, selective inhibition of taxa contributing to disease is preferred instead of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The potential selectivity of an oxygenating mouthwash, Ardox-X® (AX), has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial potential of AX and the effects of a twice-daily oral rinse on dental plaque composition.Material and methods: In vitro, 16 oral bacterial strains were tested using agar diffusion susceptibility, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. A pilot clinical study was performed with 25 healthy volunteers. Clinical assessments and microbiological sampling of supragingival plaque were performed at 1 month before the experiment (Pre-exp), at the start of the experiment (Baseline) and after the one-week experimental period (Post-exp). During the experiment individuals used AX mouthwash twice daily in absence of other oral hygiene measures. The microbiological composition of plaque was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.Results: AX showed high inter-species variation in microbial growth inhibition. The tested Prevotella strains and Fusobacterium nucleatum showed the highest sensitivity, while streptococci and Lactobacillus acidophilus were most resistant to AX. Plaque scores at Pre-exp and Baseline visits did not differ significantly (p = 0.193), nor did the microbial composition of plaque. During a period of 7-days non-brushing but twice daily rinsing plaque scores increased from 2.21 (0.31) at Baseline to 2.43 (0.39) Post-exp. A significant microbial shift in composition was observed: genus Streptococcus and Veillonella increased while Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Cardiobacterium and Capnocytophaga decreased (p ≤ 0.001).Conclusion: AX has the potential for selective inhibition of oral bacteria. The shift in oral microbiome after 1 week of rinsing deserves further research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults

Mostajo

Reijden

Buijs

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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show abstract

“…In 2006 and 2007, Paraskevas et al 26,27 found no differences in the reduction of plaque scores using toothpastes with varying RDAs (± 80 to ± 200). Additionally, Rosema et al 22 observed that the presence or absence of toothpaste had no effect on plaque removal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combined effect of end-rounded versus tapered bristles and a dentifrice on plaque removal and gingival abrasion

et al. 2016

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Combined effect of end-rounded versus tapered bristles and a dentifrice on plaque removal and gingival abrasion Abstract: Two previous clinical studies evaluated the effect of end-rounded versus tapered bristles of soft manual brushes on the removal of plaque and gingival abrasion. However, the combined effect of an abrasive dentifrice on these outcomes has yet to be understood. The purpose of the present study was to compare the incidence of gingival abrasion and the degree of plaque removal obtained after the use of toothbrushes with tapered or end-rounded bristles in the presence or absence of an abrasive dentifrice. The study involved a randomized, single-blind, crossover model (n = 39) with a split-mouth design. Subjects were instructed to refrain from performing oral hygiene procedures for 72 hours. Quadrants were randomized and subjects brushed with both types of toothbrushes using a dentifrice (relative dentin abrasion = ± 160). Plaque and gingival abrasion were assessed before and after brushing. After 7 days, the experiment was repeated without the dentifrice. The average reduction in plaque scores and the average increase in the number of abrasion sites were assessed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc tests. End-rounded bristles removed significantly more plaque than tapered bristles, regardless of the use of a dentifrice. The dentifrice did not improve plaque removal. In the marginal area (cervical free gingiva), no difference in the incidence of gingival abrasion was detected between toothbrush types when used with a dentifrice (p ≥ 0.05). However, the dentifrice increased the incidence of abrasion (p < 0.001), irrespective of the toothbrush type tested. End-rounded bristles therefore removed plaque more effectively without causing a higher incidence of gingival abrasion when compared with tapered bristles. An abrasive dentifrice can increase the incidence of abrasion, and should be used with caution by individuals who are at risk of developing gingival recession.

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“…Inconclusive evidence exists in the literature with regard to the additional (beneficial) mechanical effect of a dentifrice on plaque removal. Paraskevas et al (17,18) affirm that the use of toothpaste did not contribute to mechanical plaque removal during manual toothbrushing and it seemed that the mechanical action provided by the toothbrush was the main factor in the plaque-removing process. Addy et al (19) in 80s already showed that the triclosan toothpastes containing the copolymer and chlorhexidine solution, produced significant reductions on salivary bacterial counts and to correlate it with plaque inhibitory properties of antimicrobial compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcal bacteraemia in patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: The role of tooth brushing and use of chlorhexidine

Antunes

Ferreira²,

Faria³

et al. 2010

Med Oral

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The Additional Effect of a Dentifrice on the Instant Efficacy of Toothbrushing: A Crossover Study

Abstract: The use of a dentifrice did not contribute to mechanical plaque removal during manual toothbrushing. It seemed that the mechanical action provided by the toothbrush was the main factor in the plaque-removing process.

Cited by 54 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults

Effect of an oxygenating agent on oral bacteria in vitro and on dental plaque composition in healthy young adults

Combined effect of end-rounded versus tapered bristles and a dentifrice on plaque removal and gingival abrasion

Streptococcal bacteraemia in patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: The role of tooth brushing and use of chlorhexidine

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