The adrenergic nerve plexuses of cardiac valves

Lipp, W; Rodin, M

doi:10.1159/000143083

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Adrenergic fibers have been demonstrated separately by fluorescence histochemistry in the basal and distal zones (De Biasi et al, 1984;Cooper et al, 1966;Lipp and Rodin, 1968). The thick myelinated nerve fibers described by Williams (1964a,b) were demonstrated in the present study by AChE staining in the guinea pig, rat, and opossum valves; no thick fibers were observed in the extremely delicate network of the mouse valves.…”

supporting

confidence: 57%

“…Early studies favored the term "end nets" in describing the cardiac and valvar nerve networks (Miller and Kasahara, 1964). Lipp and Rodin (1968), in their study of the adrenergic plexues of the AV valves in guinea pigs and rats, described two main types of meshwork: a "general plexus" consisting of thicker bundles of nerve fibers forming large meshes and a "proper plexus" composed of a smaller meshwork formed by finer nerve strands that apparently came off the larger plexus. We propose that these two meshworks be termed "primary plexus" and "secondary plexus," with the final free nerve endings and specializations that branch from the secondary plexus forming a tertiary component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooper et al (1966) considered the possibility that the intravalvar and intrachordal neural elements might be unrelated to valve function, and hypothesized that these elements were merely traversing the leaflets and chordae on their way to and from distal ventricular loci. Lipp and Rodin (1968) suggested a role for valvar nerves in the secretion and/or uptake of norepinephrine into the bloodstream. The reported presence of myocardial cells in the basal parts of the mitral and tricuspid valve suggests the involvement of nerve fibers in valvar movements (Sonnenblick et al, 1967;Priola et al, 1969;Fenoglio et al, 19721, including participation in the mechanism of valve closure (Bassett et al, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in atrioventricular valve innervation in four species of mammals

et al. 1990

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In this series of studies, the innervation patterns of whole-mount preparations of bicuspid and tricuspid valves were studied by light microscopy in the mouse, rat, guinea pig, and opossum. The acetylcholinesterase-positive networks of nerve fibers showed many similarities in the basic patterns of valve innervation in all of the species studied, but several interspecies variations were observed. The basal zone of the valve adjacent to the fibromuscular atrioventricular ring displayed the most dense plexus of nerves, with acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers being seen across the width of the valve. In the intermediate zone of the valve, less dense plexuses of nerve fibers were found; and these were more numerous in the cuspal areas and less numerous in the intervening commissural areas. In the distal portions of the valve, nerve networks arborized extensively, with some of their nerve fibers extending toward the chordae tendineae and the free edges of the valve cusps. Only in the guinea pig and opossum did these fibers reach the free margin of the valve cusp, where they either ended directly as free nerve endings or lay parallel to the free edge of the cusp, often running between adjacent chordae tendineae. Although the patterns of innervation were similar in both bicuspid and tricuspid valves, the innervation density of the bicuspid valve was greater than that of the tricuspid valve for each species examined. A distinguishing feature of guinea pig and opossum tricuspid valves was that their chordae tendineae were relatively more prominent and more densely innervated than the bicuspid chordae tendineae. Free nerve endings with no light microscopic evidence of specialization were present throughout the bicuspid and tricuspid valves of all species studied. Some nerve endings in the opossum showed evidence of specialization, with brush-like arborizations leading to presumed free terminals seen chiefly in the distal zone of the valve cusps. Although some general tendencies were apparent, we have demonstrated that interspecies heterogeneity exists in the terminal networks of the atrioventricular valves of mouse, rat, guinea pig, and opossum.

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supporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in atrioventricular valve innervation in four species of mammals

et al. 1990

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“…Moreover, the smooth muscle cells are distributed here around the papilla only, the major ity of the CTS system being composed of collagen connective tissue. A sim ilar situation -monoaminergic terminals within the 'non-excitable" tissuewas observed, e.g., in the cardiac valves [Lipp and Rodin, 1968] or in the brown adipose tissue [Ocm et a!., 1969, Derry anddaniel, 1970], An abnormally rich monoaminergic innervation that does not correspond to the total amount of smooth muscle cells was also described in various organs, e.g. in the iris [Moalmfors, 1965] and in the valve in the renal advehens vein of birds [AKESTERand Mann, 1969;DoleXel and Z labek, 1969].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The connective tissue skeleton in the mammalian kidney and its innervation

Dolezel¹

1975

Cells Tissues Organs

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A special reticular basket-like system of connective tissue strips (called connective tissue skeleton – CTS) was found between the cortex and medulla in the kidney of various mammals. It enlarges the wall of the renal calyx (or pelvis) into the parenchyma. The main component of this system is collagen. A small amount of smooth muscle cells was found in one part of CTS strips situated around the papilla (the levator fornicis muscle). A dense monoaminergic and scanty cholinergic innervation was found in the whole system of the CTS. The functional importance of this system is discussed: (i) a tightly linked connection between the urine-discharging system and the kidney, (ii) ‘milking’ and similar effects in the papilla as well as perception of intrapelvic and intrarenal pressure, (iii) penetration of infection into the kidney and (iv) liberation of the monoaminergic transmitter.

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“…Dense networks of adrenergic nerve fibers were shown by fluorescence procedures in the mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic valves of the guinea pig and the rat (LIPP and RODIN, 1968). These adrenergic axons within the cardiac valves were regarded by these authors as possibly playing a role in secreting catecholamines, when stimulated, into the intracardiac blood stream.…”

Section: VImentioning

confidence: 99%

Innervation of the Vertebrate Heart as Studied with the Electron Microscope

Yamauchi¹

1969

Arch. Histol. Jap., Arch. Histol. Jpn

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The adrenergic nerve plexuses of cardiac valves

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Variations in atrioventricular valve innervation in four species of mammals

Variations in atrioventricular valve innervation in four species of mammals

The connective tissue skeleton in the mammalian kidney and its innervation

Innervation of the Vertebrate Heart as Studied with the Electron Microscope

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