“…Since the same average charge of the aluminum ion was observed at higher salt con- centration and lower pH (4.6), the different species Al(OH) 3 0 , Al(OH) 2 ϩ , Al(OH) 1 2ϩ , and Al 3ϩ may be assumed to still represent 0, 25, 8, and 67%, respectively (67) Addition of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid induces a pH drop where the amplitude depends on the aluminum ion and carboxylic concentrations. The hydrogen ion production during complex formation may be interpreted on the basis of [33] where m and n vary from 0 to 2 and from 1 to (3 Ϫ m), respectively.…”