The Adsorption of Water Vapor on Glass Surfaces

Razouk, R. I.; Salem, Ahmed S.

doi:10.1021/j150463a013

Cited by 94 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Adsorption of atmospheric/meteoric water onto silicate glass has been described as a complex, multi-step process, leading to the rapid increase of the total amount of water carried by the sample (e.g., Razouk and Salem, 1948;Westrich, 1987;Garofalini, 1990;Delmelle et al, 2005;Christy, 2010). For example, the amount of adsorbed water reached 0.25 wt% in grains <44 lm after more than 100 days atmospheric exposure (Newman et al, 1986).…”

Section: Water Adsorption and Rehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminating secondary from magmatic water in rhyolitic matrix-glass of volcanic pyroclasts using thermogravimetric analysis

Giachetti

Gonnermann

Gardner

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Water Adsorption and Rehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminating secondary from magmatic water in rhyolitic matrix-glass of volcanic pyroclasts using thermogravimetric analysis

Giachetti

Gonnermann

Gardner

et al. 2015

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…It is generally accepted that under ordinary atmospheric conditions, hydrophilic surfaces adsorb at least a monolayer of water. For example, a clean glass surface is covered with a monolayer of adsorbed water at relative humidity of around 30-50 % at 20°C (Razouk and Salem 1948). Formation of a water film composed of as many as twenty molecular layers, or more, may occur at the clean surface of high-energy solids, especially at high relative humidities >90-95 % (Zisman 1965).…”

Section: Precursor Film On Dry Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

CFD simulation and validation of self-cleaning on solar panel surfaces with superhydrophilic coating

Bodard

Sari

et al. 2015

Future Cities and Environment

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Solar panel conversion efficiency, typically in the twenty percent range, is reduced by dust, grime, pollen, and other particulates that accumulate on the solar panel. Cleaning dirty panels to maintain peak efficiency, which is especially hard to do for large solar-panel arrays. To develop a transparent, anti-soiling Nano-TiO 2 coating to minimize the need for occasional cleaning is the purpose of this study. In our study, a 2D rainwater runoff model along tilted solar panel surface based on the Nusselt solution was established to have better understanding and predicting the behavior of runoff rain water, especially in contact with solar-panel surfaces with Nano-TiO 2 coating. Our simulation results demonstrate that solar-panel surfaces with Nano-TiO 2 coating create a superhydrophilic surface which cannot hold water, showing features of more pronounced in increasing runoff water film velocity comparing to the uncoated surfaces during raining event resulting in better effect of self-cleaning. Validation of our model was performed on titled solar panels for real time outdoor exposure testing in Switzerland. It is found that the dust particles are not easy to adhere to the coated surfaces of the slides comparing with uncoated surfaces, showing great potential for its use in harsh environmental conditions. This study suggests that superhydrophilic self-cleaning solar panel coating maximize energy collection and increases the solar panel's energy efficiency.

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“…This has been found by several authors, see for instance Richard et al, [64] and references cited therein. As an example, we would like to cite here from an early study by Razouk and Salem: [65] ''. .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

δ¹⁸O anchoring to VPDB: calcite digestion with ¹⁸O‐adjusted ortho‐phosphoric acid

Wendeberg

Richter

Rothe

et al. 2011

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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For anchoring CO(2) isotopic measurements on the δ(18)O(VPD-CO2) scale, the primary reference material (NBS 19 calcite) needs to be digested using concentrated ortho-phosphoric acid. During this procedure, great care must be taken to ensure that the isotopic composition of the liberated gas is accurate. Apart from controlling the reaction temperature to ±0.1 °C, the potential for oxygen isotope exchange between the produced CO(2) and water must be kept to a minimum. The water is usually assumed to reside on the walls in the headspace of the reaction vessel. We demonstrate here that a large fraction of the exchange may also occur with water inside the acid. Our results indicate that both exchange reactions have a significant impact on the results and may have largely been responsible for scale inconsistencies between laboratories in the past. The extent of CO(2)/H(2)O oxygen exchange depends on the concentration (amount of free water) in the acid. For acids with a nominal H(3)PO(4) mass fraction of less than 102%, oxygen isotope exchange can create a substantial isotopic bias during high-precision measurements with the degree of the alteration being proportional to the effective isotopic contrast between the acid and the CO(2) released from the calcite. Water evaporating from the acid at 25 °C has a δ(18)O value of -34.5‰ relative to the isotopic composition of the whole acid. This large fractionation is likely to occur in two steps; by exchange with phosphate, water inside the acid is decreased in oxygen-18 relative to the bulk acid by ∼ -22‰. This water is then fractionated further during evaporation. Oxygen exchange with both water inside the acid and water condensate in the headspace can contribute to the measured isotopic signature depending on the experimental parameters. The system employed for this study has been specifically designed to minimize oxygen exchange with water. However, the amount of altered CO(2) for a 95% H(3)PO(4) at 25 °C still accounts for about 3% of the total CO(2) produced from a 40 mg calcite sample, resulting in a δ(18) O range of about 0.8‰ when varying the δ(18)O value of the acid by 25‰. Least biased results for NBS19-CO(2) were obtained for an acid with a δ(18)O value close to +23‰ vs. VSMOW. In contrast, commercial acids from several sources had an average δ(18)O value of +13‰, amounting to a 10‰ offset from the optimal value. This observation suggests that the well-known scale incompatibilities between laboratories could arise from this difference with measurements that may have suffered systematically from non-optimal acid-δ(18)O values, thus producing variable offsets, depending on the experimental details. As a remedy, we suggest that the δ(18)O of phosphoric acid reacted with calcites for establishing a δ(18)O scale anchor be adjusted, and this should reduce the variability of the δ(18)O of CO(2) evolved in acid digestion to less than ±0.05‰. The adjustment should be made by taking into account the difference in δ(18)O between the calcite-CO(2) and the acid, with a target d...

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The Adsorption of Water Vapor on Glass Surfaces

Abstract: The adsorption of water vapor on the surface of glass has been extensively studied. As early as 1830, Faraday (11) pointed out the large adsorptive capac-

Cited by 94 publications

References 23 publications

Discriminating secondary from magmatic water in rhyolitic matrix-glass of volcanic pyroclasts using thermogravimetric analysis

Discriminating secondary from magmatic water in rhyolitic matrix-glass of volcanic pyroclasts using thermogravimetric analysis

CFD simulation and validation of self-cleaning on solar panel surfaces with superhydrophilic coating

δ¹⁸O anchoring to VPDB: calcite digestion with ¹⁸O‐adjusted ortho‐phosphoric acid

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The Adsorption of Water Vapor on Glass Surfaces

Abstract: The adsorption of water vapor on the surface of glass has been extensively studied. As early as 1830, Faraday (11) pointed out the large adsorptive capac-

Cited by 94 publications

References 23 publications

Discriminating secondary from magmatic water in rhyolitic matrix-glass of volcanic pyroclasts using thermogravimetric analysis

Discriminating secondary from magmatic water in rhyolitic matrix-glass of volcanic pyroclasts using thermogravimetric analysis

CFD simulation and validation of self-cleaning on solar panel surfaces with superhydrophilic coating

δ18O anchoring to VPDB: calcite digestion with 18O‐adjusted ortho‐phosphoric acid

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δ¹⁸O anchoring to VPDB: calcite digestion with ¹⁸O‐adjusted ortho‐phosphoric acid