The Adsorptive Removal of Bengal Rose by Artichoke Leaves: Optimization by Full Factorials Design

Abstract

Currently, the dye industry is increasing its production as a consequence of the growing need for their products in different manufacturing sectors, such as textiles, plastics, food, paper, etc... Thereafter, these industries generate very large volumes of effluents contaminated by these dyes, which require proper removal treatment before final discharge of the effluents into the environment. In this study, artichoke leaves were used as an economical and eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for Bengal Rose (BR) dye removal. Bio-adsorbent obtained from artichoke leaves was ground to powder size. The resulting powder was characterized by different methods, such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR), pH at point of zero charge (pHpzc), equilibrium pH, iodine number, methylene blue number, phenol number, density, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Thereafter, the bio-adsorbent was used to study its capability for removing BR dye by testing contact time, initial concentration of dye and temperature. The results show that the saturation of bio-sorbent was reached after 40 min and the removal rate of BR dye by artichoke leaves powder (ALP) was 4.07 mg/g, which corresponds to a removal efficiency of 80.1%. A design of experiences (DOE) based on a two-level full factorial design (23) was used to study the effects of different parameters, such as pH, temperature and bio-adsorbent dosage on BR dye removal efficiency. The obtained results show that the highest removal efficiency was 86.5% for the optimized values of pH (4), temperature (80 °C) and bio-adsorbent dosage (8 g/L). Furthermore, a satisfying accordance between experimental and predicted data was observed. The kinetic and isotherm studies show that the pseudo-second order model simulated adequately the obtained data and it was found that Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models are liable and suitable for evaluating the adsorption process performance. Free energy change of adsorption (ΔG°), enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) were furthermore calculated to predict the nature of the adsorption process.

Utilization of carica papaya seeds as natural coagulants for turbidity removal from wastewater

“…The rst and double peaks, respectively, were located at 3392.69 cm − 1 and 3005.99 cm − 1 in the broad absorption spectra between 3700 and 3000 cm − 1 . This substantial stretching of hydroxyl (O-H) and primary amine groups (N-H) indicated intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the Carica papaya seed macromolecules such protein and starch (Khalfaoui, et al, 2022). Two peaks of 2925.98 and 2855.14 cm − 1 were seen in the 2800-3000 cm -1 wavelength range, respectively indicating the stretching of asymmetric (C-H) and symmetric (CH 2 ) molecules (Shak and Wu, 2014).…”

Application of Response Surface Design for Optimization of Direct Red Dye Biosorption onto Cockleshells

“…The effects of solution pH on the removal of DR-81 are shown in Figure 11. The results indicate that the removal efficiency of the DR-81 dye by CS decreased from 100 to 46% with a large increase in the pH range (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). This was responsible for the force of attraction between the solid surface and the functional groups of DR-81.…”

“…The purpose of the characterization of the biosorbent by the pH pzc value was to find the degree and charge of ionization on the surface of the biosorbent at different solution pH values. The protocol of pH pzc was as follows: the homogenization of a mass of biosorbent (0.15 g) with a volume (50 mL) of NaCl solution (0.01 M) at different pH values (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The NaCl samples were adjusted with NaOH (0.01 N) and HCL (0.01 N) solutions, and the pH F values were measured after stirring for 48 h at room temperature.…”

“…In previous years, there have been several works on the removal of dyes by biological and physicochemical treatments, including coagulation, flocculation, filtration, advanced oxidation, ion exchange, membrane processes, aerobic and anaerobic degradation [5], membrane distillation [6], electrochemical methods [7], irradiation [8], Fenton reaction [9], reverse osmosis, precipitation, ozonation [1], and adsorption [10]. These treatments are effective yet highly costly, limited in efficiency, and deficient in process selectivity [11].…”

Removal of Chromium (VI) from Water Using Orange peel as the Biosorbent: Experimental, Modeling, and Kinetic Studies on Adsorption Isotherms and Chemical Structure

“…The presence of a peak at 1358 cm −1 attributed to C-O stretching supports the existence of numerous and varied carboxyl/alcohol/ether/ester functional groups in the absorbent. The probability of the presence of aliphatic fluorinated compounds (C-F), which are characterized by a peak at 1011.5 cm −1 in the FTIR spectrum of the orange peel [56,57], exists but is unlikely, as more likely, it is a confirmation of the existence of aromatic nuclei in the mixture of the material constituents.…”