The adult anatomy of the lymphatic system in the common rat (Epimys norvegicus)

Job, Thesle T.

doi:10.1002/ar.1090090606

Cited by 46 publications

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“…The lymph flow is bottom-up from lower to upper limbs and top down from the head, since the lymph returns in the blood via the subclavian vein (14,23,24). The distribution of LNCs after SC administration followed the direction of lymph circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive and specific targeting of lymph nodes: the influence of the administration route

Pitorre¹,

Bastiat²,

Chatel³

et al. 2015

European Journal of Nanomedicine

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Abstract:Patients diagnosed with an advanced-stage cancer present a dismal prognosis due to the presence of metastases. From the primary tumor, the cancer cells are disseminated via lymphatic circulation; metastases develop initially in lymph nodes. Therefore, the targeting of lymph nodes needs to be improved in the design of future chemotherapy, and one way to ensure this targeting is by using the subcutaneous (SC) route. Using lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) (40 nm and fluorescently-labeled with DiD) as nanocarriers, a correlation between the SC injection site (behind the neck, the right and left flanks, and above the tail) for LNC administration and specific lymph node accumulation (left and right cervical, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes) was achieved for SpragueDawley rats. The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles confirmed the absence of LNCs in systemic circulation after SC administration due to the optimal size of the LNCs. With appropriate SC administration, LNCs can accumulate in specific lymph nodes, whereas IV administration led to a weak accumulation of LNCs in all lymph nodes. Specific accumulation followed the lymph flow: bottom-up from the lower to upper limbs and top down from the head, with two lymph circulation partitions: right upper limb and the rest. Administration above the tail presented high inguinal and axillary lymph node accumulation whereas weak accumulation was observed after administration behind the neck. LNCs administered in the left flank only accumulated in the left inguinal and axillary lymph nodes, whereas left and right inguinal and axillary lymph nodes presented accumulation after administration in the right flank. Cervical lymph nodes, in the opposite direction of lymph flow, were never targeted after SC administration, whatever the injection site.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive and specific targeting of lymph nodes: the influence of the administration route

Pitorre¹,

Bastiat²,

Chatel³

et al. 2015

European Journal of Nanomedicine

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“…Anatomists have attempted to map the lymphatic system using various methods and materials, and there are few studies involving rodent lymphatic and lymphoid mapping. A popular method for studying this system in rodent species is injecting dye into the skin or abdomen of living rats and, then, euthanizing and dissecting them (JOB, 1915;TILNEY, 1971). In our studies, we have characterized, by light microscopy, components of the lymphoid system in the guinea pig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic aspects of lymphoid organs in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

et al. 2013

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Resumo Aspectos microscópicos dos órgãos linfáticos do porquinho-da-índia (Cavia porcellus).A microscopia dos órgãos linfoides foi estudada em guinea pig em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento -feto, filhote e adulto. O fígado é um órgão lobulado, revestido por um mesotélio, e consiste de sinusoides e placas de células em seu parênquima, denominadas hepatócitos. O timo é coberto por uma cápsula fina de tecido conjuntivo que se projeta como septos por todo o interior do órgão. O parênquima de cada lóbulo não está claramente separado em córtex e medula. Corpúsculos de Hassall são abundantes. Linfonodos estão organizados em córtex e medula. O córtex apresenta centros germinativos ou nódulos linfáticos, rodeados por tecido linfático difuso. O baço é dividido em polpa vermelha e branca. Trabéculas de tecido conjuntivo projetam-se para o interior do baço a partir da cápsula; contudo, estão presentes escassamente ao redor das polpas vermelhas e brancas. Centros germinativos estavam presentes na polpa branca, onde podem ser encontrados pequenos e grandes linfócitos e linfoblastos. Uma vez que o guinea pig é considerado um modelo importante para estudos morfológicos por sua proximidade com os seres humanos, este artigo levanta informações relevantes sobre os componentes estruturais do sistema linfático desses animais, proporcionando uma nova fonte de dados para outros campos do conhecimento. Palavras-chave: Animais de laboratório; Guinea pig; Microscopia de luz; Sistema linfoide AbstractMicroscopy of lymphoid organs was studied in the guinea pig at different developmental stages -fetus, pup, and adult. Liver is a lobed organ, coated with a mesothelium, and it consists of sinusoids and cell plates in its parenchyma, named hepatocytes. Thymus is covered by a thin capsule of connective tissue which is protruded as septa into the entire organ. The parenchyma of each lobule is not clearly separated into a cortex and medulla. Hassall's corpuscles are abundant. Lymph nodes are arranged into cortex and medulla. The cortex has germinal centers or lymphoid nodules, surrounded by diffuse lymphoid tissue. Spleen is divided into red and white pulp. Trabeculae of connective tissue are protruded into the spleen from the capsule; however, they are sparsely found around the red and white pulps. Germinal centers were found in the white pulp, where small and large lymphocytes and lymphoblasts can be found. Since the guinea pig is regarded as an important model for morphological studies due to its closeness to human beings, this article raises relevant information on the structural components of the lymphoid system in these animals, providing a new source of data to other knowledge fields.

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“…Le groupe latéral se localise au coté du muscle grand rond, confirmant les données de Miotti[ 1965], et le groupe médian se localise le long de la veine sous-scapulaire, et pas contre les vais seaux axillaires comme le déclare l'auteur en question. Le groupe médian que nous avons observé correspond aux trois ganglions dont parle Job [1915], situés le long de la veine sousscapulaire, mais nous avons rencontré en cet endroit un groupe de deux à six ganglions. Le flux de lymphe dans ces ganglions se fait dans le sens inféro-supérieur, comme l'a décrit Job [1915], Le groupe des ganglions latéraux donne des canaux efférents au groupe médian.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ceci confirme les découvertes de Miotti [1965] et infirme les résultats obtenus par Job [1915] qui ne note la présence que de deux groupes de ganglions entre les veines pré caves supérieures; ceci correspond d'ailleurs à nos groupes antéro-médians.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Contribution à l’ étude morphologique des vaisseaux lymphatiques et des ganglions lympathiques axillaires et médiastiniques du rat blanc (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>)

Zorzetto¹,

Colli²,

Piffer³

1977

Cells Tissues Organs

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In this work, the authors studied the morphology of the axillary and mediastinal lymph nodes and their efferent branches in the white rat (Rattus norvegicus). The main characteristics observed were: The presence of two groups of axillary lymph nodes, one in the lateral and the other in the medial portion, and the presence of two groups of mediastinal lymph nodes, one being ventro-lateral and the other dorsoventral relating to cranial precava veins. Usually, in both sides, there is a lymphatic plexus dorsally to the jugulosubclavian angle, formed by reunion of internal jugular and subclavian trunks and the thoracic duct (to the left) or the right lymphatic trunk (to the right). From this plexus, one or two branches run off and flow into the venous jugulosubclavian angle. The subclavian trunk begins in the medial axillar lymph nodes and joins to the lymphatic plexus at the internal jugular trunk or at the thoracic duct or yet at the right lymphatic trunk according to the site, and finally it may link itself directly to the venous system. The mediastinal lymph nodes at the right side send branches forming the right lymphatic trunk and branches adhering to the lymphatic plexus; the left lymph nodes join to the plexus or the thoracic duct.

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The adult anatomy of the lymphatic system in the common rat (Epimys norvegicus)

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Passive and specific targeting of lymph nodes: the influence of the administration route

Passive and specific targeting of lymph nodes: the influence of the administration route

Microscopic aspects of lymphoid organs in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

Contribution à l’ étude morphologique des vaisseaux lymphatiques et des ganglions lympathiques axillaires et médiastiniques du rat blanc (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>)

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