The “adult inactivity triad” in patients with chronic kidney disease: A review

Abstract

BackgroundThe “pediatric inactivity triad” framework consists of three complex, interrelated conditions influencing physical inactivity and associated health risks. Evidence on the beneficial effects of physical activity in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to grow, but few studies have explored the complex interactions behind inactivity in this population.ResultsBased on the “pediatric inactivity triad” framework and prior research, we would like to propose a new concept, the “adult inactivity triad” in CKD, including (1) exercise deficit disorder, (2) sarcopenia, and (3) physical illiteracy. Individuals can shift from “adult inactivity triad” to “adult activity triad” and move at different rates and directions along the arrows in each of the three components.ConclusionThis review explores and summarizes previous research on the three main adult inactivity triad components in the chronic kidney disease population.

Revitalizing the Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Physical Activity

“…Physical inactivity, defined as being less physically active than 150 min of moderate-intensity activity per week [ 176 ], is a major problem in patients with CKD [ 177 ]. Several observational studies in large cohorts concluded that physical inactivity was highly prevalent across all stages of CKD, and PA level worsened with CKD progression [ 178 , 179 , 180 ].…”

“…There exists a well-established link between physical inactivity and poor outcomes in individuals with CKD [ 180 ]. Reduced PA levels are not only associated with declining kidney function, more readmissions, and higher all-cause mortality in CKD, but also with gut dysbiosis in the global population [ 177 , 181 ]. Where PA alters the gut microbiome in a positive way, physical inactivity alters the gut microbiome towards a more detrimental gut microbiota composition and a reduction in SCFA production in healthy humans [ 182 ].…”

Physical activity, sedentary time and motivation to change: an Italian survey

“…Low levels of PA are associated with increased chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), reduced health-related quality of life, and diminished mental health [4][5][6][7]. Particularly, Zhang and coauthors [8] recently proposed the expression "adult inactivity triad", including exercise deficit disorder (a condition characterized by PA levels lower than recommended [9]), sarcopenia, and physical illiteracy (defined as a lack of confidence, ability, and motivation to engage in significant physical activity with commitment and desire [9]).…”

Feasibility of physical function assessment in children with nephrotic syndrome- A preliminary cross-sectional study

“…A study among adolescents with chronic kidney disease suggested signi cantly low PA and increased screen time compared to peers. [11] Inactivity triad (exercise de cit disorder, pediatric dynapenia, and physical illiteracy) is a prevailing issue among children with chronic disease [12] .…”

“…This necessitates frequent hospital visits, which in turn impacts school attendance and play time [13,14] . As a result, physical function will have adverse consequences and develop exercise intolerance and physical inactivity contributing to signi cant reduction in physical tness in these children [12] . Low physical function can lead to development of few lifestyle disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity etc., and impact overall health [15] .…”