Photocatalytic
CO2 reduction (PCR) into hydrocarbon
fuels and chemicals such as CH4, CH3OH, HCHO,
and HCOOH is a promising strategy for simultaneously solving environmental
challenges and realizing solar-to-energy conversion for sustainable
development. Among the photocatalysts developed, graphitic carbon
nitride (g-C3N4, GCN) is widely applied in PCR,
ascribing to its suitable electronic and physicochemical attributes.
In the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of GCN in PCR, substantial
efforts have been made by coupling GCN with auxiliary semiconductors
to construct direct or indirect Z-scheme structures using effective
methods. Aiming to offer insights into structure–activity relationships,
we summarize the latest advancements in the GCN-based Z-scheme structure
(ZSS) in this review, with respect to the structure engineering strategies
for direct ZSS construction and various approaches for indirect ZSS
configuration. The present issues and perspectives of GCN-based ZSS
for PCR are also presented and discussed.