The advent of manganese-substituted sodium vanadium phosphate-based cathodes for sodium-ion batteries and their current progress: a focused review

Abstract

Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is a member of the sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) family and has been extensively studied as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) for more than three decades...

Nanosheet-Assembled Hierarchical Petal-like Na4MnV(PO4)3@Carbonized-Polyaniline Microspheres for Stable Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…Two pairs of intense redox peaks (3.2/3.5 V and 3.5/3.7 V) attributed to reversible behaviors of V 3+ /V 4+ and Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ agree well with the GCD curves. 12 The specific data of CV peaks are presented in Table S5. In comparison, the NMVP-D@cPANI electrode had lower potential polarization and superior reversibility, exactly as the GCD results, while NMVP-B and NMVP-D showed higher potential differences.…”

“…22−24 Nonetheless, the cost and ecological effects of vanadium resources could limit the development of commercial SIBs for NVP cathodes. 12,25 To meet the requirement of practical application, in 2016, Na 4 MnV(PO 4 ) 3 (NMVP) was initially reported as a potential cathode material by Goodenough's team. 26 Obviously, in Earth's shell, the distribution of manganese (0.11%) resources is wider than that of vanadium (0.019%).…”

“…For the world’s better transition to a green economy, it is particularly key to develop advanced energy storage and conversion systems. , Exploiting a rechargeable battery with long cycling life and high energy density is critical to the advances of novel energy storage systems (ESSs). , Despite the widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in various fields of electronic devices, their limited availability and cost prevented them from being applied in large-scale ESSs. − Naturally, high-performance sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are suitable for development in alternative ESSs due to the lower cost, abundant resources, and similar physicochemical mechanism to LIBs. − Therefore, it is urgent to advance cathode electrodes with high-rate performance and stable lifespan, which largely dominate the SIB performance advancement. , …”

3D porous spheroidal Na4Mn0.9Ce0.1V(PO4)3@CeO2/C cathode for high-energy Na ion batteries

“…Second, NMVPs synthesized by traditional solid-state methods possess limited reversible capacity and remarkable polarization, owing to the irreversible structural transformation based on the Jahn–Teller activity from high spin Mn 3+ during cycling. 27,28 Furthermore, it suffers rapid capacity attenuation during cycling at high voltage (>3.8 V). This is probably due to the dissolution of transition metal elements (Mn).…”

Na+-Activation Engineering in the Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode with Boosting Kinetics for Fast-Charging Na-Ion Batteries

“…So far, considerable efforts have been made on the modification of electronic/ionic transmission paths to ameliorate the intrinsic conductivity, including conductive network construction, size/morphology regulation, and lattice-oriented regulation. ,− The carbon coating strategy with the 1D carbon nanotube, 2D reduced graphene oxide, , or 3D porous graphene aerogel could accelerate the efficient electronic transport to varying degrees relying on the highly conductive carbon network distributed in the active materials. As for the microstructure, the small particle size in cathode materials could reduce the diffusion length of ions and electrons, while special morphology induces the benign evolution of the interface contact and reaction strain, jointly contributing to the facilitation of electrochemical reaction. − Beyond this, the rational design of the crystal lattice via element doping and substitution promotes the functional regulation of the inherent structure to achieve the desired performance. − Based on this, 3d transition metals such as Ti, Fe, Mn, Ni, Al, and Cr have been introduced as promising alternatives for vanadium to design specific NASICON compounds, such as Na 3 VTi­(PO 4 ) 3 , Na 4 VFe­(PO 4 ) 3 , Na 4 MnV­(PO 4 ) 3 , Na 3+ x V x Ni 1– x (PO 4 ) 3 , Na 3 V 1.5 Al 0.5 (PO 4 ) 3 , Na 3 Cr 0.5 V 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 , and so forth. Compared with the pure NVP cathode, the discovery of these components has effectively reduced the raw material cost and obtained superior Na-storage performance owing to the strengthened bonding interaction and structural stability.…”