The affect of tissue depth variation on craniofacial reconstructions

Starbuck, John M.; Ward, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.01.006

Cited by 89 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The softtissue estimates of the proposed extensive study may also help forensic anthropologists in cranio-facial reconstructions by understanding the intricate relationship between physiognomic/morphological features, bony skull contour and the depths of underlying soft tissues. [31,32] The present study results can be correlated with other radio-diagnostic modalities (like ultrasound or X-rays) in future studies to suggest some valid standards of soft-tissue tissue thickness at different cephalometric landmarks on face. Present study standards may also help the security agencies to scan and match facial images of some fugitive criminals to prevent their entries to higher strategic surveillance locations like airports, defence stations, atomic reactors, space stations etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Sex dependent variations in craniofacial soft-tissue thicknesses estimated from MRI and CT scans: A pilot study based on Northwest Indian subjects

Kaur

Sehrawat²,

Bahadur³

2017

IJDI

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Craniofacial identification is a technique for prediction and recreation of life-like appearances of an individual, recreated onto an unknown skull on the basis of intricate relationship existing between underlying bony contour and the overlying soft tissues, muscles and skin. Tissue thicknesses in different population have wide variations due to disparities in nutritional, environmental or genetical factors. The physical health, nutritional status and disease activity of an individual have significant and detectable influences on both the complex anatomy of facial skeleton as well as soft tissue depths. Present study was conducted on 50 MRI and 53 CT normal scans of 64 male and 39 female Northwest Indian adult subjects who reported to radio-imaging diagnostic centres for some clinical and therapeutic reasons. Soft-tissue thickness was estimated at 33 craniofacial landmarks on both MRI and CT scans using OsiriX v 6.0.2 64 bit software and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format images. MRI scans were found comparatively better and more reliable mean of estimating tissue depths and for sex estimations. Statistically significant sex differences were noticed in tissue depths at various craniofacial landmarks. The endocanthion was found the best sex discriminating variable from both types of scans. MRI and CT scan estimated tissue thicknesses could identify sex of 96% and 85%, subjects, respectively. Secular increase in tissue depths was observed to support the increased trend of obesity in present day population of the area when compared with similar studies conducted few decades earlier. Present study results can be a valuable adjunct for forensic anthropological facial reconstructions and experts of diverse medical disciplines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Sex dependent variations in craniofacial soft-tissue thicknesses estimated from MRI and CT scans: A pilot study based on Northwest Indian subjects

Kaur

Sehrawat²,

Bahadur³

2017

IJDI

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“…It is therefore highly recommended, whenever possible, the creation of different versions of facial approximation based on the datasets for different BMI categories as suggested by Starbuck and Ward [25].…”

Section: Bmi Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure represents craniofacial approximation, consisting of recreation of an individual's face based on its skull [7]. It is a tool in forensic sciences offering additional possibilities for identifying human remains [22] based on the identification of a deceased through recognition [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

et al. 2018

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The aim of the study is to measure the facial soft tissue thicknesses (STTs) in Bulgarians, to evaluate the relation of the STTs to the nutritional status, sex and bilateral asymmetry, and to examine the correlations between the separate STTs as well as between the STTs and body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). In the present study, the facial STTs were measured on computed tomography scans of the head of Bulgarian adults. The STTs were measured at 7 midline and 9 bilateral landmarks. The measurements were performed in the free software InVesalius in the axial and sagittal planes. The mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, median and coefficient of variation were reported for the STT at each landmark according to the sex and BMI category. The BMI, sex and bilateral differences were assessed for statistical significance. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to assess the strength and direction of the relationships between the STTs and body height, weight and BMI, as well as between separate STTs. The facial soft tissues in Bulgarian adults changed in accordance with the nutritional status of the individual and in both sexes all STTs augmented with the increasing BMI. For both normal and overweight BMI categories, males had more soft tissue at the majority of facial points than females, as the only exceptions were observed in the cheek zone, where STTs were thicker in females. Significant bilateral differences were observed in either sex and BMI category. Stronger correlations were established for the STTs in the jaw region and between the cheek and jaw soft tissues. Besides, the correlations between the homologous bilateral landmarks were among the strongest ones.

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“…However, one of the problems associated with FFR is the reliance on the use of these average facial STTs [9], as well as the difficulty of estimating these values. Facial recognition is already extremely difficult, and is also further complicated by the variation exhibited by STT and facial features [10]. Many studies are ongoing to add to the database of STTs for specific age, sex and population groups, but there is still a lack of studies to establish whether the variation between sexes and ages within and between population groups may or may not be great enough to influence an identification or lack thereof [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial reconstruction: Soft tissue thickness values for South African black females

Cavanagh

Steyn

2011

Forensic Science International

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The affect of tissue depth variation on craniofacial reconstructions

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Sex dependent variations in craniofacial soft-tissue thicknesses estimated from MRI and CT scans: A pilot study based on Northwest Indian subjects

Sex dependent variations in craniofacial soft-tissue thicknesses estimated from MRI and CT scans: A pilot study based on Northwest Indian subjects

Facial soft tissue thicknesses in Bulgarian adults: relation to sex, body mass index and bilateral asymmetry

Facial reconstruction: Soft tissue thickness values for South African black females

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