The Affective Temperaments and Well-Being: Swedish and Iranian Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being

Garcia, Danilo; Moradi, Saleh

doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9349-z

Cited by 67 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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Section: Psychological Well-beingsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Urry and colleagues (2004), for example, investigated whether engaging with goal-directed stimuli contributed to well-being by exploring correlations between individual differences in baseline prefrontal activation and PWB. The results validated the hypothesis and affect, especially high activation PA (e.g., "interested," "strong"), emerged as an important factor in the prediction of PWB (see also Garcia, 2011cGarcia, , 2012bGarcia & Siddiqui, 2009b).In this context, it is important to bear in mind that positive emotions may also broaden people's mindsets and build enduring personal psychological resources (Fredrickson, 2006). For instance, participants in a positive-emotion condition listed significantly more things they would like to do than participants in a negative-emotion condition (Fredrickson & Branigan, 2005).…”

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confidence: 57%

“…In this regard, the links between exercise and affect seem to be modulated by individuals' propensity to perform regular physical exercise (Sjögren, Nissinen, Järvenpää, Ojanen, Vanharanta, & Mälkiä, 2006;Von Thiele Schwarz, Lindfors, & Lundberg, 2008). Indeed, the role of affective personality attributes has offered insights pertaining to health and well-being among varying populations, both healthy and clinical (Andersson-Arntén, Jansson, & Archer, 2008; Archer, Adolfsson, & Karlsson, 2008a; Archer, Adrianson, Plancak, & Karlsson, 2008b;Garcia, 2011aGarcia, , 2011bGarcia, , 2012aGarcia, , 2012bGarcia, Rosenberg, Erlandsson, & Siddiqui, 2010;Garcia & Siddiqui, 2009a, 2009bPalomo, Beninger, Kostrzewa, & Archer, 2008a, 2008bPalomo, Kostrzewa, Beninger, & Archer, 2007;Zöller, Karlsson, & Archer, 2009; for a recent review see Garcia, Ghiabi, Moradi, Siddiqui, & Archer, 2012). Several studies have indicated that NA is associated with feelings such as anger, contempt, guilt, shame, fear, anxiety, depressiveness, stress, distress and health complaints whereas PA is linked to enthusiasm, activity, exercise, feelings of duty and control (Watson & Clark, 1988;Watson, Pennebaker, & Folger, 1986;Watson, Carey, & Carey, 1988a;Watson & Clark, 1988;Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988b).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation

Garcia¹,

Archer²,

Moradi³

et al. 2012

PSYCH

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Regular physical exercise contributes to marked reductions in psychosocial stress, the enhancing of positive affect and well-being. However, affect can be measured as high (e.g., engaged) or low (e.g., content) activation affect. To ascertain further these interactions, we examined the relationship between exercise frequency (i.e., how often an individual engages in physical activities) and affect and Psychological Well-Being (PWB). We investigate this relationship in the context of individuals' gender, age, psychosomatic symptoms (i.e., headaches, pain in shoulders, neck or other parts of the body), sleeping problems, smoking habits, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Moreover, we also investigate if the relationship between exercise frequency and affect differs depending on the dimension of affect (low or high activation). In Study 1 (N = 635), 2 (N = 311), and 3 (N = 135) high activation positive affect (PA) predicted frequently exercising, while high activation negative affect (NA) predicted being less physically active. Moreover, high activation PA was negatively related to smoking habits and to how often the participant had sleeping problems. Finally, the relationship between frequently exercising and high activation affect was still present when controlling for age, occupation and gender. Moreover, in Study 2, high activation PA remained strongly related to exercise frequency even when we controlled for BMI. In Study 3, frequent physical activity was also related to PWB. In Study 4, participants (N = 150) self-reported low activation affect. All findings in regard to exercise frequency were replicated, with the exception of the relationship to affect. Psychological resources (i.e., PWB), the frequent experience of PA, together with the infrequent experience of NA may provide for the facilitation of an exercise regime and healthy behavior. Thus, regular physical exercise remains as a health-ensuring necessity over age, gender, and occupation. Nevertheless, high activation positive affect should be in focus.Keywords: Affect; BMI; Exercise; Health; Negative Affect; Positive Affect; Sleeping Problems; Smoking; Psychosomatic Symptoms IntroductionRegular physical exercise has been described as a planned, structured physical activity which fulfills the purpose of improving one or more aspects of physical fitness and functional capacity (Morris & Schoo, 2004), encompassing bodily activeties that enhance/maintain physical fitness, with frequent and regular exercise boosting the immune system (Kurth, Moore, Gaziano, Kase, Stampfer, Berger, & Buring, 2006). The regularity of physical exercise is, for instance, associated to individuals who experience high positive affect (PA) and low negative affect (NA;Norlander, Bood, & Archer, 2002). In turn, frequently exercising is associated with mental health, facilitating the prevention of depression and anxiety, as well as the promotion and maintenance of positive self-esteem in both adolescents (Rees & Sabia, 2010;Rothon, Edwards, Bhui, Viner, Taylor, & Stansfeld, 2010) and adults...

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Section: Psychological Well-beingsupporting

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation

Garcia¹,

Archer²,

Moradi³

et al. 2012

PSYCH

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“…Top-down models suggest that individuals have a global tendency to experience life in a positive or negative way (DeNeve and Cooper 1998), affective balance can in fact be treated as a dispositional trait (Garcia and Moradi 2013) and that experienced well-being has strong dispositional determinants (Chamorro-Premuzic et al 2007). Costa and McCrae (1980) suggested that the mechanism underlying the relationship between personality and subjective well-being was connected to temperament.…”

Section: Reported Effects Of Temperament Traits On Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Happy Temperament? Four Types of Stimulation Control Linked to Four Types of Subjective Well-Being

Bojanowska

Zalewska

2016

J Happiness Stud

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In this person-oriented study 722 adolescents and adults filled out formal characteristics of behaviour-temperament inventory, satisfaction with life scale and positive and negative affect schedule. Using k-means clustering we assigned them to four subjective well-being (SWB) types: (1) achievers-high satisfaction, positive affective balance; (2) aspirers-low satisfaction, positive affective balance; (3) resigners-high satisfaction, negative affective balance; (4) frustrated-low satisfaction, negative affective balance; and to four temperament types denoting patterns of stimulation control (1) sanguine: high stimulation processing capacity (SPC) and high stimulation supply (StS); (2) melancholic: low SPC, low StS; (3) phlegmatic: high SPC, low StS; (4) choleric: low SPC, high StS. We compared stimulation control dimensions between SWB types and compared counts of SWB types across four profiles of temperament. SPC and StS were highest among achievers and lowest among the Frustrated, with aspirers and resigners in between. We found a clear correspondence between well-being structures and temperament types (a) the most common temperament among achievers was the sanguine, suggesting that this is the 'happy temperament', (b) among the Frustrated it was the melancholic (the 'unhappy temperament'), (c) among resigners it was the choleric, suggesting that this 'overstimulated temperament' results in high satisfaction at the cost of lower affective balance, (d) among aspirers it was the Phlegmatic, suggesting that 'understimulated temperament', results in a good affective balance but lower satisfaction. Configurations of temperament dimensions within individuals affect the whole structure of SWB and can explain incongruence between cognitive and affective components of SWB.

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“…Several researches investigated the relationship between the affective profiles and different psychological constructs (e.g., life satisfaction, psychological well-being, optimism, locus of control) and suggested that individuals with self-fulfilling profile were more satisfied, optimistic, and autonomous than the others (Garcia & Siddiqui, 2009;Garcia, 2012), also revealing higher levels of psychological well-being, self-esteem and internal locus of control than individuals with self-destructive profile (Archer et al, 2008). Additionally, on the basis of the revisited Ryff's eudaimonic perspective (Ryff, 2014), Garcia & Moradi (2013) compared the affective profiles of Swedish adolescents with those of Iranian ones, underlining that all adolescents with self-fulfilling profile showed higher levels of life satisfaction and psychological well-being than the others, without significant differences for nationality. In Italian context, Di Fabio & Bucci (2015) analyzed the differences among the affective profiles of Italian students in relation with life satisfaction and psychological well-being, noticing that students with self-fulfilling profile had greater life satisfaction and psychological well-being than those with high affective, low affective and self-destructive profiles; in addition, they analyzed the differences among affective profiles in relation with optimism and self-esteem, showing that students with self-fulfilling profile obtained higher scores on optimism and self-esteem than those with the other affective profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Positive Affect with Resilience and Self-Efficacy in Life Skills in Italian Adolescents

Sagone¹,

Indiana²

2017

PSYCH

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The main purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships of positive affect with dimensions of resilience and perceived self-efficacy in life skills in a sample of 147 Italian healthy adolescents. We used the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (RASP), and the Perceived Self-Efficacy Scales in Life Skills. Statistical analyses indicated that adolescents with high positive affect reported higher levels of perceived self-efficacy in life skills than those with low positive affect; in addition, adolescents with high positive affect reached higher levels of resilience (that is, adaptability and engagement) than those with low positive affect. Given the relationship of positive affect both with dimensions of resilience and perceived self-efficacy in life skills, future investigations could better understand the functioning of protective factors actively engaged in facing up to the transition from childhood to adolescence, in line with the flourishing approach in supporting the promotion of psychological well-being and the increasing of individual's bio-psycho-social skills.

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The Affective Temperaments and Well-Being: Swedish and Iranian Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being

Cited by 67 publications

References 63 publications

Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation

Exercise Frequency, High Activation Positive Affect, and Psychological Well-Being: Beyond Age, Gender, and Occupation

Happy Temperament? Four Types of Stimulation Control Linked to Four Types of Subjective Well-Being

The Relationship of Positive Affect with Resilience and Self-Efficacy in Life Skills in Italian Adolescents

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