The African-American Cancer Crisis, Part I: The Problem

Clayton, Linda A.; Byrd, W. Michael

doi:10.1353/hpu.2010.0299

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Further, as with gender, race may disadvantage the survivor in terms of more general aspects of health and functioning, but any racial health disparity is not necessarily due to the cancer experience. Other research points to the role that race plays in delayed diagnosis and poorer prognosis and survival (Clayton and Byrd, 1993). These disparities do not appear to translate into more health worries about cancer among minority survivors later in life.…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer‐related health worries and psychological distress among older adult, long‐term cancer survivors

et al. 2005

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While long-term survivors (5 years+) do not face the stressors of diagnosis and treatment, they continue to face the uncertainties that survivorship brings: recurrence, other cancers, late effects of treatment, and the potential of a shortened life expectancy. This research focuses on the cancer-related health worries of older adult, long-term cancer survivors, the factors that predict these worries, and their link to traditional measures of psychological distress. Specifically, a model is proposed that identifies the personal (including race and gender) and illness/treatment characteristics of survivors that are significantly associated with cancer-related health worries and their effects on anxiety and depression. Descriptive and multivariate analyses of a random sample of 321 long-term survivors in a major cancer center tumor registry are used to address these issues. About one-third of survivors continue to report worries about recurrence, worries about a second cancer, and worries that symptoms they experience may be from cancer. The regression analyses show that cancer-related health worries is a significant predictor of both depression (beta=0.36) and anxiety (beta=0.21). Race is a significant predictor; being African American is related to fewer cancer-related health worries (beta=-0.22). Having more symptoms during treatment is also a predictor of having more cancer-related health worries (beta=0.20). The most consistent predictor of psychosocial distress is dispositional optimism/pessimism, with more optimistic individuals reporting fewer cancer-related health worries (beta=-0.27), lower levels of both anxiety (beta=-0.16) and depression (beta=-0.23). Overall, for many older adult, long-term survivors, the legacy of cancer continues in terms of cancer-related health worries. In spite of these, for most survivors, their quality of life is not dramatically compromised either physically or psychologically.

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Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer‐related health worries and psychological distress among older adult, long‐term cancer survivors

et al. 2005

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“…When one compares our survival rates with data from Nigeria, South Africa and Zimbabwe, it is noted that black Africans have three features in common: late stage in seeking treatment, lower age at peak incidence and severe tumour burden that takes a more aggressive course and consequently lower survival rates (Ihekwaba, 1992;Clayton and Byrd, 1993;Muguti, 1993;Moormeir, 1996;Ijaduola and Smith, 1998). In all these series, stages III -IV disease made up between 75 and 85% of all patients seen.…”

Section: Five-year Overall Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer of the breast: 5-year survival in a tertiary hospital in Uganda

et al. 2008

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The objective was to investigate survival of breast cancer patients at Mulago Hospital. A retrospective study of the medical records of 297 breast cancer patients referred to the combined breast clinic housed in the radiotherapy department between 1996 and 2000 was done. The female/male ratio was 24 : 1. The age range was 22 -85 years, with a median of 45 years and peak age group of 30 -39 years. Twenty-three percent had early disease (stages 0 -IIb) and 26% had metastatic disease. Poorly differentiated was the most common pathological grade (58%) followed by moderately differentiated (33%) and well-differentiated (9%) tumours. The commonest pathological type encountered was 'not otherwise specified' (76%). Of all patients, 75% had surgery, 76% had radiotherapy, 60% had hormonotherapy and 29% had chemotherapy. Thirty-six (12%) patients received all the four treatment modalities. The 5-year survival probabilities (Kaplan -Meier) for early disease were 74 and 39% for advanced disease (P ¼ 0.001). The overall 5-year survival was 56%, which is lower than the rates in the South African blacks (64%) and North American whites (82 -88%).

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“…For example, according to a 2001 report of the Surgeon General, 69% of African American women and 58% of African American men are overweight or obese 4 . African Americans also tend to have high rates of weight-related medical conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers 3,5,6 . Moreover, African Americans lag behind other Americans in modifying their diets and activity levels in line with national recommendations 3,7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Eating at fast-food restaurants is associated with dietary intake, demographic, psychosocial and behavioural factors among African Americans in North Carolina

Satia

Galanko

Siega‐Riz

2004

Public Health Nutr.

213

185

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Objective: To examine associations of the frequency of eating at fast-food restaurants with demographic, behavioural and psychosocial factors and dietary intake in African American adults. Methods: Self-reported data from a population-based cross-sectional survey of 658 African Americans, aged 20 -70 years, in North Carolina. An 11-page questionnaire assessed eating at fast-food restaurants, demographic, behavioural and diet-related psychosocial factors, and dietary intake (fruit, vegetable, total fat and saturated fat intakes, and fat-related dietary behaviours). Results: The participants were aged 43.9^11.6 years (mean^standard deviation), 41% were male, 37% were college graduates and 75% were overweight or obese. Seventy-six per cent reported eating at fast-food restaurants during the previous 3 months: 4% usually, 22% often and 50% sometimes. Frequency of eating at fast-food restaurants was positively associated with total fat and saturated fat intakes and fatrelated dietary behaviours (P , 0.0001) and inversely associated with vegetable intake (P , 0.05). For example, mean daily fat intake was 39.0 g for usually/often respondents and 28.3 g for those reporting rare/never eating at fast-food restaurants. Participants who reported usual/often eating at fast-food restaurants were younger, never married, obese, physically inactive and multivitamin non-users (all P , 0.01). Frequency of eating at fast-food restaurants was positively associated with fair/poor self-rated health, weak belief in a diet -cancer relationship, low self-efficacy for healthy eating, weight dissatisfaction, and perceived difficulties of preparing healthy meals and ordering healthy foods in restaurants (all P , 0.05). Frequency of eating at fast-food restaurants did not differ significantly by sex, education, smoking, ability to purchase healthy foods or knowledge of the Food Guide Pyramid. Conclusions: Eating at fast-food restaurants is associated with higher fat and lower vegetable intakes in African Americans. Interventions to reduce fast-food consumption and obesity in African Americans should consider demographic and behavioural characteristics and address attitudes about diet-disease relationships and convenience barriers to healthy eating.

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The African-American Cancer Crisis, Part I: The Problem

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Cancer‐related health worries and psychological distress among older adult, long‐term cancer survivors

Cancer‐related health worries and psychological distress among older adult, long‐term cancer survivors

Cancer of the breast: 5-year survival in a tertiary hospital in Uganda

Eating at fast-food restaurants is associated with dietary intake, demographic, psychosocial and behavioural factors among African Americans in North Carolina

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