The Afro–South American brachiopod Castellaroina Boucot from the Silurian of the Argentine Precordillera: its origin and phylogenetic relationships

Abstract

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Did the Late Ordovician mass extinction event trigger the earliest evolution of ‘strophodontoid’ brachiopods?

“…Most of the characters in the previous study, especially those closely related to the articulation system and muscle fields, are included in this analysis and other characters are added to better describe taxa. Our results supported the overall topology of the Leptostrophiidae calculated by Benedetto & Montoya (2015, fig. 5), which clearly separated the Devonian taxa from Silurian genera.…”

“…The smaller valves of E. hirnantensis from the Hirnantian of Precordillera (Benedetto 1986) have short and thin dental plates, becoming thicker and longer with growth. A similar ontogenetic progression can be seen in some Polish specimens (Temple 1965), and also identified in later species of the genus from the Rhuddanian of the Precordillera, Eostropheodonta chilcaensis parvula , which suggests a paedomorphic origin of the Precordilleran leptostrophiid stock (Benedetto & Montoya 2015). However, the development of dental plates in our collections seems to be independent of shell size (Figs 3, 4), and no clear peramorphic processes have been detected in the specimens studied.…”

“…5J–L). Actually, there are a few specimens of another species of the genus, E. chilcaensis from the Rhuddanian of the Argentinian Precordillera which display variation in the dental plates from vestigial to short and thick (Benedetto & Montoya 2015). The smaller valves of E. hirnantensis from the Hirnantian of Precordillera (Benedetto 1986) have short and thin dental plates, becoming thicker and longer with growth.…”

“…The apomorphies defining the clade of leptostrophiids are the progressive spread of denticles along the hinge line of both valves, the loss of dental plates and teeth (e.g. Benedetto & Montoya 2015). Here, major evolutionary changes in the Family Leptostrophiidae are concentrated on the five key characteristics: dental plates, denticular plates, denticules on the hinge, ventral muscle bounding ridges, and tubercles on the posterior parts of the valves.…”

An in situ shelly fauna from the lower Paleozoic Zapla diamictite of northwestern Argentina: Implications for the age of glacial events across Gondwana

“…and the brachiopods Eostropheodonta chilcaensis aff. parvula Benedetto (in Benedetto and Montoya, 2015), Heterorthella sp. and Dalmanella sp., supporting a correlation with the Rhuddanian Heterorthella precordillerana Assemblage, the lowermost fauna from the La Chilca Formation (Benedetto, 1995;Benedetto and Cocks, 2009).…”