The Aftercare Needs of Nyaope Users and Their Significant Others: Implications for Aftercare and Reintegration Services

Mahlangu, Sonto; Geyer, Stephan

doi:10.15270/54-3-652

Cited by 16 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The inadequate state of aftercare in the district is consistent with South African literature [1,2,14,19,23,42]; aftercare services are limited and, where available, were insu cient. In this study, the inconsistencies in the provision of the limited aftercare services a rm the previous studies, treatment services in SA are limited and mainly non-existent for the rural population [2].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Service providers reiterated that aftercare should be centered on the family, a recurrent theme within available literature [18,19,[43][44][45] and South African SUD policies [3,24,46,47]. Social support from the family has been associated with positive outcomes in relapse [48,49] and can assist with coping strategies for stress and dealing with triggers [49,50].…”

Section: Recommended Aftercare Program Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most SA studies [1, 2,13,17] have examined the treatment service provision for SUD with limited comments on aftercare. The few studies [18][19][20][21], that focused on aftercare were urban-based. Therefore, the extent to which the ndings of these studies [18][19][20][21] apply to the rural context remains unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The few studies [18][19][20][21], that focused on aftercare were urban-based. Therefore, the extent to which the ndings of these studies [18][19][20][21] apply to the rural context remains unknown. An extensive literature search revealed that no South African studies had examined aftercare service provision in a rural context; it is, therefore, pertinent to extrapolate this study to the rural context of SA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives of Service Providers on Aftercare Service Provision for Persons with Substance Use Disorders at a Rural District in South Africa.

Mpanza¹,

Govender²,

Voce³

2021

Preprint

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Background: Provision of aftercare services for persons with substance use disorders (PWSUD) within a rural context is typically met with various intersecting challenges, including unclear policy implications and lack of resources. In the South African context, service providers are expected to provide aftercare services that should achieve successful reintegration of persons with PWSUD into society, the workforce, family and community life as mandated by Act No. 70 of 2008, despite population diversity. Little has been established on the provision of aftercare services in South Africa and specifically within a rural context. This article explores the perspectives of service providers in aftercare service provision for PWSUD in a rural district.Methods: A qualitative exploratory study design was conducted in a rural district in South Africa using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with forty-six service providers from governmental and non-governmental institutions, ranging from implementation to policy level of service provision. Data were analyzed thematically using a deductive approach. Codes were predetermined from the questions and the aims and objectives of the study used Beer’s Viable Systems Model as a theoretical framework. NVivo Pro 12 qualitative data analysis software guided the organization and further analysis of the data.Results: Four themes emanated from the data sets. Theme 1 on reflections of the interactional state of aftercare services and program content identified the successes and inadequacies of aftercare interventions including relevant recommendations for aftercare services. Themes 2, 3, and 4 demonstrate reflections of service provision from implementation to policy level, namely, identifying existing barriers to aftercare service provision, situating systemic enablers to aftercare service provision, and associated aftercare system recommendations. Conclusions: The intersecting systemic complexities of providing aftercare services in a rural context in South Africa was evident. There existed minimal enablers for service provision in this rural district. Service providers are confronted with numerous systemic barriers at all levels of service provision. To strengthen the aftercare system, policies with enforcement of aftercare services are required. Moreover, a model of aftercare that is integrated into the existing services, family centered, sensitive to the rural context and one that encourages the collaboration of stakeholders could also strengthen and sustain the aftercare system and service provision.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Recommended Aftercare Program Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives of Service Providers on Aftercare Service Provision for Persons with Substance Use Disorders at a Rural District in South Africa.

Mpanza¹,

Govender²,

Voce³

2021

Preprint

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“…Dagga is easily cultivated and commonly used in South Africa, and nyaope is a cocktail drug that has destroyed many lives among Black communities in South Africa because of its high addictive characteristics. 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance abuse among high school learners in a rural education district in the Free State province, South Africa

Mokwena

Setshego

2021

South African Family Practice

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Background: In South Africa, many studies conducted on substance abuse among in-school youth focus on urban areas. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that rural areas are experiencing an increase in substance abuse, though there is dearth of studies in these areas.Methods: This study used a quantitative design to collect data from 629 high school learners who were in Grades 10 and 11 in public schools in rural Free State Province, to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with substance use.Results: The sample consisted of 46% males and 54% females. Their ages ranged from 14 to 20 years, with a mean of 16.9 years. The prevalence of substance abuse was 47% (n = 295) with alcohol consumption, cigarette and dagga smoking being the most common substances used. Socio-demographically, age and gender were significantly associated with substance abuse. While behavioural variables of physical fights, serious problems with parents and friends, poor academic performance, trouble with police, having sex without condom, and having sex and regretted the next day were significantly associated with substance abuse (p = 0.05).Conclusion: The prevalence of substance abuse is very high for this rural school community, which highlights the need to pay attention to rural schools regarding substance abuse challenges.

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A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Consequences of Nyaope Usage: The Illicit Street Drug Containing HIV Antiretrovirals

et al. 2022

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South Africa currently has the highest number of cases of HIV in the world. HIV antiretrovirals (ARVs) are publicly available across the country to address this crisis. However, a consequence of widely available ARVs has been the diversion of these drugs for recreational usage in a drug cocktail commonly known as “nyaope” or “whoonga,” which poses a significant public health concern. To better understand nyaope, we conducted a systematic review investigating the risks and consequences associated with its usage. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searches were conducted in eight different databases and screened thereafter. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they included analysis of least one nyaope user and considered either demographics, risk factors, or consequences of usage. Data extracted included study characteristics and limitations, as well as demographic factors, risk factors for usage in the general population, and consequences. Quality assessments were performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s tools. Searches produced a total of 228 articles and, after screening, a total of 19 articles were eligible for inclusion. There was a pooled total of 807 nyaope users, all in South Africa. Major risk factors for usage were being male, unemployed, not completing secondary education, pressure from peer groups, having HIV, prior use of cannabis, and to a lesser extent, usage of other substances such as alcohol and tobacco. While young adults tend to be at high-risk, evidence indicates that adolescents are also at-risk. Consequences of usage include high rates of infection, cortical atrophy, depression, and addiction. Addiction was shown to lead to individuals stealing from friends and family to pay for the drugs. HIV-positive nyaope users were more likely to partake in risk behaviours and tended to have high viral loads. Nyaope’s rise has been linked to many health and social issues. Considering that this may also disrupt HIV control efforts in South Africa, there is an urgent need to address the rise of nyaope.

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The Aftercare Needs of Nyaope Users and Their Significant Others: Implications for Aftercare and Reintegration Services

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Perspectives of Service Providers on Aftercare Service Provision for Persons with Substance Use Disorders at a Rural District in South Africa.

Perspectives of Service Providers on Aftercare Service Provision for Persons with Substance Use Disorders at a Rural District in South Africa.

Substance abuse among high school learners in a rural education district in the Free State province, South Africa

A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Consequences of Nyaope Usage: The Illicit Street Drug Containing HIV Antiretrovirals

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