The age of androgyny: The new views of psychotherapists

What’s Wrong With These People? Clinicians’ Views of Clinical Couples

“…Although most of the studies of experienced versus less experienced observers ⁄ therapists included both males and females, the variable of the gender of the therapist has been included only rarely in the research report (e.g., Thomas, 1985). Therefore, future studies are warranted (a) to confirm the current study's findings with samples of MFT faculty and students, (b) to extend the results by including practitioners as well, and (c) to examine MFT male ⁄ female and faculty ⁄ student ⁄ practitioners' responses to the behaviors displayed by actual clinical couples.…”

“…Gender bias by therapists. Among many possible biases that therapists carry into their work, gender role expectations is one of the most salient and one of the most researched (Ciano‐Boyce, Turner, & Turner, 1988; Telford & Farrington, 1991; but see also Thomas, 1985). Repeatedly, research has shown that therapists’ sex role biases differentially affect their clinical judgments of male and female clients (e.g., Broverman, Broverman, Clarkson, & Rosenkrantz, 1970; Brown, 1990; Ciano‐Boyce et al., 1988; Ford & Widiger, 1989).…”

Effects of counselor gender and gender-role orientation on client career choice traditionality.

“…Contrary to the research findings and conceptualizations that suggest the presence of gender bias in counseling, many researchers have arrived at the opposite conclusion, namely, that counselor or counseling gender bias is either nonexistent or has no actual effects on clients (see, for example, Buczek, 1981; Heck & Lichtenberg, 1983; Jones & Zoppel, 1982; Lichtenberg & Heck, 1981, 1983; Phillips & Gilroy, 1985; Shapiro, 1977; M. L. Smith, 1973, 1979, 1980; Thomas, 1985; Whitely, 1979). Notwithstanding these empirical disconfirmations and logical criticisms, sources in counseling psychology continue to assume that counselor gender bias exists and must be countered.…”

“…Smith, , 1979M.L. Smith, , 1980Thomas, 1985;Whitely, 1979). Notwithstanding these empirical disconfirmations and logical criticisms, sources in counseling psychology continue to assume that counselor gender bias exists and must be countered.…”

“…J. Smith & Giegel, 1985). In a related fashion others have advocated moving counseling toward androgyny to free clients from their gender stereotypes (e.g., Foxley, 1979; Russell, 1984; Thomas, 1985), but this approach has not always been supported by empirical findings or conceptual arguments (Cook, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c; Kenworthy, 1979). Beyond these recommendations many have suggested changing or modifying counseling methods and instruments to be more gender fair and to enable better understanding of the client as a person (e.g., Dewey, 1977; Harmon, 1977; Harway, 1979; Harway & Astin, 1977; Knefelkamp et al, 1976).…”