The Age of Onset of Alcohol Use Disorders

Connor, Jason P.; Hall, Wayne

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72619-9_9

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Our finding that early onset AUD was more strongly associated with suicide attempt is consistent with evidence that early onset is an indicator of AUD severity [32][33][34][35]. In classic typologies of AUD, early onset is more strongly related to impulsivity/externalizing and psychiatric comorbidity [36,37].…”

Section: Age Of Aud Onsetsupporting

confidence: 88%

Alcohol use disorder and non‐fatal suicide attempt: findings from a Swedish National Cohort Study

Edwards

Mościcki²,

Crump

et al. 2021

Addiction

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Background and Aims Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with increased risk of non‐fatal suicide attempt. We aimed to measure the strength and mechanistic nature of the association between AUD and increased suicide attempt and determine any causal pathways and/or shared risk factors. Design We used Cox proportional hazards models in population‐level and co‐relative analyses to evaluate the risk of first non‐fatal suicide attempt as a function of previous AUD. Setting and Participants We used continuously updated longitudinal nationwide Swedish registry data on native Swedes born from 1950 to 1970 (n = 2 229 619) and followed from age 15 until 2012. Measurements AUD and suicide attempt were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)‐8, ICD‐9, and ICD‐10 codes. AUD was also identified using pharmacy and criminal records. Genetic and family environmental risks were derived based on relatedness via the Multi‐Generation Register and shared residency via the Population and Housing Census and the Total Population Register. Findings AUD was robustly associated with suicide attempt in crude models (hazard ratio [HR] = 15.24 [95% CI: 14.92, 15.56]). In models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and psychiatric comorbidity, the association was attenuated: for women, HRs declined gradually across time, ranging from 5.55 (3.72, 8.29) during the observation period that ranged from age 15 to 19 years to 1.77 (1.65, 1.90) at age 40 or older. For men, the corresponding figures were 6.12 (4.07, 9.19) and 1.83 (1.72, 1.94); in contrast to women, risk of suicide attempt among men increased from age 15 to 29 before declining. In co‐relative models, a residual association remained, consistent with a causal path from AUD to suicide attempt. Conclusions In Sweden, alcohol use disorder appears to be an important predictor of suicide attempt even in the context of other psychiatric disorders. The observed association is likely the result of features that jointly impact risk of alcohol use disorder and suicide attempts (genetic liability, psychiatric illness, and childhood stressors) and a potentially causal pathway, acting independently or in conjunction with one another.

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Section: Age Of Aud Onsetsupporting

confidence: 88%

Alcohol use disorder and non‐fatal suicide attempt: findings from a Swedish National Cohort Study

Edwards

Mościcki²,

Crump

et al. 2021

Addiction

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“…It has also been suggested (Maggs et al, 2019) that there might be differences in whether drinking initiation occurs during early adolescence or during childhood (i.e., before 11 years of age), and we did not consider those factors. However, research indicates (Connor et al, 2019) that the onset of regular drinking would be a more solid measure of later problems than others (such as age of first sip), giving support to the measure we used here.…”

Section: Relationships Between Ed and Dependence For All Countries Ansupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Evidence regarding the association of early drinking (ED) and the development of later problems is highly controversial (Frøydis et al, 2019). While many cross-sectional studies find an association between ED and later problems (e.g., dependence), longitudinal evidence accounting for confounders yields contradictory evidence (Connor et al, 2019). While there is a clear rationale for delaying consumption among youth, it is equally important to discern the nature of the relationship for theoretical and policy reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there is a clear rationale for delaying consumption among youth, it is equally important to discern the nature of the relationship for theoretical and policy reasons. It has been alternately hypothesized that ED either plays a causal role in the development of later dependence or that it is simply an early marker of increased genetic and psychosocial vulnerabilities (Connor et al, 2019). Some authors have stated that, if there was a causal link between ED and dependence, an association at the aggregate level would be expected as self-selection and other biases present in individual-level studies would be absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association Between Early Drinking and Dependence Varies by Drinking Context

Conde

Peltzer

Gimenez

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Evidence regarding the association between early drinking (ED) and later dependence is controversial. It has been alternately hypothesized that ED either plays a causal role in the development of dependence or that it is an early marker of increased psychosocial vulnerabilities. Despite a clear rationale for delaying youth consumption, it is important to discern this relationship. However, most epidemiological evidence comes from individual studies and high-income countries. If there is a causal link between ED and dependence, an association at the aggregate level would be expected. Furthermore, if the link is due to biological mechanisms, the association should be rather invariable regardless of the drinking context, while if the association is due to psychosocial factors, a wider variability is to be expected. We explored whether the association between ED and dependence varied across countries clustered by their shared contextual drinking characteristics. We used data from 169 countries from the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health of the World Health Organization: ED, alcohol dependence, heavy episodic drinking (HED), actual drinkers, and alcohol policy. To cluster countries by their shared drinking characteristics (prevalences of HED and actual drinkers, and alcohol policy), we used, sequentially, two multivariate data reduction techniques: a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and a hierarchic classification. To estimate the association between ED and alcohol dependence, beta regressions were performed, and then adjusted by country income-level and repeated by gender. The results indicated four country clusters: primarily abstainers (class 1), low drinking countries (class 2), high drinking countries (class 3), and very high drinking countries (class 4). Positive relationships between ED and alcohol dependence were found for all the countries in the world and for those in classes 1 and 2. No significant relationships were found for class 3 or class 4. These results were similar for males, but not for females, where no significant relationships were found after adjusting for income level. The association between ED and dependence varies according to the drinking context. Our findings either suggest that the ED-dependence association may be due to individual or environmental vulnerabilities that promote consumption outside cultural norms or that, if there is a causal link between ED and dependence, it is strongly moderated by psychosocial characteristics.

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“…Given that the associations between problematic social media and alcohol expectancies were relatively small, which may be due to the young age of the cohort, further research is necessary to analyze the relationships between problematic social media and alcohol expectancies. We did not include alcohol use disorder given the young age of the current cohort, but associations between problematic social media use and alcohol use disorder could be an area of future research when the cohort is older, as prior research has shown that alcohol use disorders are most prevalent between ages 18 to 29 years [ 44 ]. The current study also had several strengths, including the large, diverse, nationwide sample that focused on early adolescents and examined a measure of problematic social media use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies in early adolescents

et al. 2023

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Background Alcohol expectancies are beliefs regarding positive (e.g., tension reduction) or negative (e.g., loss of motor coordination) effects of alcohol. Based on Social Learning Theory, social media can influence alcohol expectancies in adolescents. In particular, problematic social media use – which can reflect elements of addiction, including mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse – could be linked to alcohol expectancies. We aimed to determine the associations between problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies in a national (U.S.) cohort of 10-14-year-old early adolescents. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 9,008) at the Year 2 assessment (2018–2020). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations between problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies (positive and negative), adjusting for race/ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, sexual orientation, parental marital status, and study site. Furthermore, we computed marginal predicted probabilities to aid in interpreting findings. Results The sample was 48.7% female and racially and ethnically diverse (43.0% non-White), with a mean age of 12.02 ± 0.66 years old. In models adjusted for confounders including both time spent on social media and problematic social media use, time spent on social media was not associated with positive or negative alcohol expectancies, but higher problematic social media use score was associated with higher positive (B = 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.020–0.069) and negative (B = 0.072, 95% CI 0.043–0.101) alcohol expectancies scores. Conclusion Problematic social media use was associated with both positive and negative alcohol expectancies in a demographically diverse national sample of early adolescents in the U.S. Given the small effect sizes of the current study, future studies should further examine these relationships prospectively, as well as the mechanisms linking problematic social media use to alcohol expectancies and alcohol consumption. Because alcohol expectancies are modifiable and linked with alcohol initiation, they could be a target for future prevention efforts.

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The Age of Onset of Alcohol Use Disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

Alcohol use disorder and non‐fatal suicide attempt: findings from a Swedish National Cohort Study

Alcohol use disorder and non‐fatal suicide attempt: findings from a Swedish National Cohort Study

The Association Between Early Drinking and Dependence Varies by Drinking Context

Problematic social media use and alcohol expectancies in early adolescents

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