The age of vaccines

Scully, Tony

doi:10.1038/507s2a

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Without standardized data from Project Tycho, these scientists may have used non-medical data instead, possibly depriving the biomedical domain of new innovations. Third, the user-friendly format of Project Tycho data has led to the use of biomedical data by journalists for advocacy about the value of vaccination and surveillance in widely read magazines and newspapers, 30–33 such as Nature , 30 the New York Times , 31 the Wall Street Journal , 32 and Forbes Magazine , 33 leading to a better informed general public. In many of these instances, the research would have been possible without Project Tycho, as demonstrated by similar papers that did not use Project Tycho data, 34–37 but would have required significant investments in data digitization and standardization, thus duplicating efforts without resulting in an open-access, community resource.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Project Tycho 2.0: a repository to improve the integration and reuse of data for global population health

Panhuis

Cross

Burke

2018

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

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ObjectiveIn 2013, we released Project Tycho, an open-access database comprising 3.6 million counts of infectious disease cases and deaths reported for over a century by public health surveillance in the United States. Our objective is to describe how Project Tycho version 1 (v1) data has been used to create new knowledge and technology and to present improvements made in the newly released version 2.0 (v2).Materials and MethodsWe analyzed our user database and conducted online searches to analyze the use of Project Tycho v1 data. For v2, we added new US data and dengue data for other countries, and grouped data into 360 datasets, each with a digital object identifier and rich metadata. In addition, we used standard vocabularies to encode data where possible, improving compliance with FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) guiding principles for data management.ResultsSince release, 3174 people have registered to use Project Tycho data, leading to 18 new peer-reviewed papers and 27 other creative works, such as conference papers, student theses, and software applications. Project Tycho v2 comprises 5.7 million counts of infectious diseases in the United States and of dengue-related conditions in 98 additional countries.DiscussionProject Tycho v2 contributes to improving FAIR compliance of global health data, but more work is needed to develop community-accepted standard representations for global health data.ConclusionFAIR principles are a valuable guide for improving the integration and reuse of data in global health to improve disease control and save lives.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Project Tycho 2.0: a repository to improve the integration and reuse of data for global population health

Panhuis

Cross

Burke

2018

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association

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“…The immune system is comprised of a network of lymphoid organs, tissues and different types of cells including lymphocytes, dendritic cells and nature killer cells. The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body against microbial pathogens and also in restraining the development of cancer [7][8][9]. Engineering the immune system to provide protective immunological memory (a procedure called vaccination) has been one of the most successful and cost effective medical interventions to date, saving millions of lives every year via pediatric and adult immunizations [9].…”

Section: Immunological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body against microbial pathogens and also in restraining the development of cancer [7][8][9]. Engineering the immune system to provide protective immunological memory (a procedure called vaccination) has been one of the most successful and cost effective medical interventions to date, saving millions of lives every year via pediatric and adult immunizations [9]. The process that immune system responds to foreign pathogens, allergies, self-damaged cells, and graft is called an immune response, which can be generally classified into innate response and adaptive response.…”

Section: Immunological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Vaccines

Yu¹,

Liu²

2018

Immunoregulatory Aspects of Immunotherapy

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Vaccination represents a viable and attractive strategy for therapeutic treatment of cancers by the power of a patient's own immune system. Major advances in cellular and molecular immunology have led to the approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine by FDA. However, the development of cancer vaccines remains infant. Maximizing the therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects of the therapeutic cancer vaccine remains key challenges to this field. In this review, we summarized the recently developed strategies to induce anti-tumor responses in vivo to improve the outcomes of cancer vaccines, with an emphasis on the guiding principles that are critical for rational design of effective and safe vaccines against cancers.

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“…Vaccination represents the single most effective medical intervention in modern medicine, saving millions of lives each year by providing protection against various disease epidemics. 1–3 However, vaccines have not succeeded in therapeutic settings such as cancer. 3–6 This is in part due to the difficulties associated with priming cytotoxic T cells that can overcome the tumor-related immune suppression and can specifically attack and destroy cancer cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting CpG Adjuvant to Lymph Node via Dextran Conjugate Enhances Antitumor Immunotherapy

Zhang

et al. 2017

Bioconjugate Chem.

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Nucleic acid based adjuvants recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLR) are potent immune system stimulants that can augment the antitumor immune responses in an antigen-specific manner. However, their clinical uses as vaccine adjuvants are limited primarily due to lack of accumulation in the lymph nodes, the anatomic sites where the immune responses are initiated. Here, we showed that chemical conjugation of type B CpG DNA, a TLR9 agonist to dextran polymer dramatically enhanced CpG's lymph node accumulation in mice. Dextran conjugation did not alter CpG ODN's uptake, internalization, and bioactivity in vitro. Delivery of Dextran-CpG conjugate markedly increased the uptake by antigen presenting cells in the lymph nodes and enhanced CD8 T cell responses primed by protein vaccines, leading to improved therapeutic antitumor immunity. Furthermore, immunization with Dextran-CpG mixed with necrotic whole tumor cells induced a protective antitumor response in a murine model, suggesting that this approach was not limited to molecularly defined antigens. This simple method might also be applicable for the delivery of many other nucleic acid based adjuvants in cancer vaccines.

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The age of vaccines

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Project Tycho 2.0: a repository to improve the integration and reuse of data for global population health

Project Tycho 2.0: a repository to improve the integration and reuse of data for global population health

New Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Vaccines

Targeting CpG Adjuvant to Lymph Node via Dextran Conjugate Enhances Antitumor Immunotherapy

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